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Posterior Segment Disease > Viral Infections > Flashcards

Viral Infections Flashcards

1
Q

HIV

A

retrovirus infecting CD4 T helpers

causes AIDS

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2
Q

HIV Retinopathy

A

occurs in most patients with AIDS
asymptomatic
due to immune complex deposits

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3
Q

Signs of HIV Retinopathy

A

cotton wool spots
intraretinal hemorrhage
capillary abnormalities

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4
Q

Improving HIV Retinopathy

A

antiretroviral tx- HAART

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5
Q

Cytomegalovirus Retinitis

A

infection of retina and RPE by CMV

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6
Q

Type of patients likely to have CMV Retinitis

A

immunocompromised

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7
Q

Symptoms of CMV Retinitis

A

new onset floaters

blurred vision

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8
Q

Signs of CMV Retinitis

A

slowly expanding granular opacification of peripheral retina
retinal whitening with hemes and vascular sheathing
fibroglial scarring of RPE

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9
Q

Treatment for CMV Retinitis

A

antivirals- mainly oral

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10
Q

Progressive Retinal Necrosis

A

herpes zoster infection

bilateral

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11
Q

Patients with Progressive Retinal Necrosis

A

immunocompromised

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12
Q

Symptoms of Progressive Retinal Necrosis

A

rapidly progressive visual loss

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13
Q

Signs of Progressive Retinal Necrosis

A

yellow-white retinal infiltrates
rapid progression of infiltrates and necrosis; macula affected
retinal detachment
little or no vitreous inflammation

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14
Q

Treatment of Progressive Retinal Necrosis

A

IV and intravitreal antiviral agents

brain MRI and lumbar puncture required (increased risk of encephalitis)

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15
Q

Acute Retinal Necrosis

A

herpetic infection
HSV in younger
HZV in older

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16
Q

Symptoms of Acute Retinal Necrosis

A

insidious vision loss (initially unilateral)

pain and floaters

17
Q

Signs of Acute Retinal Necrosis

A

dense vitritis and anterior uveitis
peripheral periarteritis and retinal infiltrates
other eye shows signs if not treated

18
Q

Treatment of Acute Retinal Necrosis

A

antivirals
steroids
anti-thrombus tx

19
Q

Prognosis for Acute Retinal Necrosis

A

most end up legally blind from RD, ischemic optic neuropathy, or occlusive periphlebitis

20
Q

Congenital Rubella

A

virus transferred from mom to fetus

causes cataracts and retinopathy

21
Q

Retinopathy from Congenital Rubella

A

“salt and pepper” pigmentary changes

Posterior Segment Disease (27 decks)

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