Diabeetic Retinopathy

Question 1

Non-proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Answer 1

retinal vessels are weakened
microaneurysms
macular edema

Question 2

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Answer 2

retina deprived of oxygen

neovascularization of retina and vitreous, can leak fluid

Question 3

Ocular Problems Associated with Diabeetus

Answer 3

diabetic retinopathy
refractive changes
cataracts
glaucoma
EOM palsies

Question 4

Ethnicities most likely to be diabetic

Answer 4

African Americans

Mexicans

Question 5

Leading cause of new cases of blindness in adult

Answer 5

diabetic retinopathy

Question 6

Risk Factors for Diabetic Retinopathy

Answer 6

duration of DM
poor control of blood glucose levels
hypertension
pregnancy
race
kidney disease
smoking, obesity, high cholesterol

Question 7

Initial Symptoms of Diabetic Retinopathy

Answer 7

floaters
blurred vision
distortion
diplopia

Question 8

1st Clinical Sign of Diabetic Retinopathy

Answer 8

microaneurysms

Question 9

Signs of NPDR

Answer 9

microaneurysms
retinal hemorrhages and edema
exudates
cotton wool spots
venous changes
IRMA
macular ischemia

Question 10

Signs of PDR

Answer 10

neovascularization- NVD, NVE, NVI, NVG
preretinal and vitreous hemorrhages
fibrovascular tissue proliferation

Question 11

Imaging to show DR

Answer 11

fluorescein angiography
OCT
B-scan ultrasound

Question 12

Managing Diabetic Retinopathy

Answer 12

education
ensure systemic management
reinforce need for compliance
monitor changes
low vision rehab

Question 13

Prevention of DR

Answer 13

Take meds
Reach and maintain healthy weight
Add physical activity
Control ABCs- A1C, BP, cholesterol
Kick smoking habit

Question 14

Treating Macular Edema

Answer 14

focal or grid laser
anti-VEGF injection
pars plana vitrectomy

Question 15

Anti-VEGF

Answer 15

blocks vascular endothelial growth factor, stopping abnormal vessel growth

Question 16

Treatment for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Answer 16

panretinal photocoagulation- laser over whole retina except macula
anti-VEGF

Question 17

SE of Panretinal Photocoagulation

Answer 17

loss of peripheral vision

trouble with night vision

Question 18

Treating Vitreous and Preretinal Hemorrhages

Answer 18

vitrectomy for hemes that don’t resolve in 6 mo

anti-VEGF

Question 19

Treating Retinal Detachment

Answer 19

surgery if close to macula

watch others

Question 20

Treating Iris Neovascularization

Answer 20

anti-VEGF

Question 21

Follow up No DR

Answer 21

12 months

Question 22

Follow up very mild NPDR

Answer 22

12 months

Question 23

Follow up Microaneurysms only

Answer 23

12 months

Question 24

Follow up Mild NPDR

any microaneurysms, hemes, exudates, cotton wool spots, no IRMA

Answer 24

6-12 months, depending on severity of signs, systemic factors

Question 25

Follow up Moderate NPDR

severe hemes, significant venous beading in only 1 quadrant, many cotton wool spots

Answer 25

6 months

Question 26

Follow up Severe NPDR

Answer 26

4 months

Question 27

4-2-1 Rule

Severe NPDR

Answer 27

diffuse retinal hemorrhages in 4 quadrants
venous beading in 2
IRMA in 1

Question 28

Follow up Very Severe NPDR

Answer 28

2-3 months

Question 29

Follow up Mild- Moderate PDR

NVD, NVE

Answer 29

treatment

2 months if no treatment started

Question 30

Follow up High Risk PDR
NVD greater than 1/3 of disc
NVE greater than 1/2 disc with vitreous hemorrhage

Answer 30

treatment