Viral Hepatitis and Tests

Question 1

What Defines Acute and Chronic Hepatitis?

Answer 1

Acute < 6 months

Chronic > 6 months

Question 2

What are the faecal - oral transmitted Hepatitis viruses?

Answer 2

A and E

Question 3

What type of virus is Hep A and what is its incubation period?

Answer 3

RNA virus

30 days

Question 4

What is the treatment for Hep A?

Answer 4

Hydration

Question 5

How many phenotypes of Hep E is there and what is one that is most associated with neurological disorders?

Answer 5

4 phenotypes

Type 3

Question 6

What food has been seen to contain Hep E?

Answer 6

Pork

Question 7

What type of Virus is Hep B and how is it transmitted?

Answer 7

DNA virus

Transmitted via blood

Question 8

What is the most common type of transmission of Hep B in the world and what is it in UK?

Answer 8

Vertical transmission - mother to child

UK - unprotected sex

Question 9

What is the incubation period of Hep B?

Answer 9

2 -6 months

Question 10

Who is most at risk at developing chronic Hep B? any why?

Answer 10

Children

Immature immune system - no attack launched

Question 11

70% of those with Hep C will develop chronic Hep C i.e wont clear the infection. Of that 70% What % of patients will develop liver disease?

Answer 11

25%

Question 12

What does a positive cAb serology test mean?

Answer 12

They have come into contact with the virus and may or may not be currently infected

Question 13

What does a positive:

sAg mean?

sAb mean?

Answer 13

sAg - surface antigen. they currently have the disease

aAb - the person has been infected but currently is not.

Question 14

What does a positive:

eAg mean?

eAb mean?

Answer 14

eAg - suggests highly infective with high concentrations in blood

eAb - suggests not particularly infective with reasonable low concentrations in blood.

Both demonstrate they are infected

Question 15

What are the treatments for Hep B?

Answer 15

Immunological: interferon

Antiviral medication

Question 16

What are the two antiviral drugs for Help B?

Answer 16

Tenofovir

Entecavir

Question 17

What type of virus is Hep D?

Answer 17

RNA

Question 18

What other Hep virus must a person have if they have Hep D?

Answer 18

They must have Hep B as well as the Hep D is unable to replicate without it.

Question 19

In Hep C - what % naturally clear the infection?

Answer 19

30%

Question 20

What is the diagnosis serology of Hep C?

Answer 20

Anti HCV IgG - which if positive would be followed by:

PCR or Antigen of virus. If this is positive then patient is infected

Question 21

What does a positive Anti HCV IgG mean?

Answer 21

Chronic infection or cleared infection

Question 22

What are the drugs that have effectively cured Hep C?

Answer 22

Direct Acting Antivirals

DAAs

Question 23

What are the three main DAAs?

Answer 23

N53/4 Protease inhibitors

NS5B Polymerase

NS5A inhibitors

Question 24

What criteria is in place to whether a person gets a DAAs

Answer 24

genotype

Degree of cirrohosis

Question 25

What hepatitis only affects humans?

Answer 25

Hep A

Question 26

What test would demonstrate acute hep A infection?

Answer 26

IgM to Hep A

Question 27

What is the treatment drug for Hep C and E?

Answer 27

Rivavirin

Question 28

Name 3 of the Direct Acting Antivirals used in Hep C.

Answer 28

Harvoni

Olysio

Sovaldi

Question 29

What are the tests for Hep A?

Answer 29

Acute: IgM or RNA in stool

Chronic or vaccine: IgG

Question 30

What are some of the risk factors associated with chronic Hep B?

Answer 30

Cirrhosis

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 31

What is the natural cycle of Hep B?

Answer 31

Immune replication = liver damage

dormant period

Reactivation = liver damage