Viral Hepatitis and Tests Flashcards
What Defines Acute and Chronic Hepatitis?
Acute < 6 months
Chronic > 6 months
What are the faecal - oral transmitted Hepatitis viruses?
A and E
What type of virus is Hep A and what is its incubation period?
RNA virus
30 days
What is the treatment for Hep A?
Hydration
How many phenotypes of Hep E is there and what is one that is most associated with neurological disorders?
4 phenotypes
Type 3
What food has been seen to contain Hep E?
Pork
What type of Virus is Hep B and how is it transmitted?
DNA virus
Transmitted via blood
What is the most common type of transmission of Hep B in the world and what is it in UK?
Vertical transmission - mother to child
UK - unprotected sex
What is the incubation period of Hep B?
2 -6 months
Who is most at risk at developing chronic Hep B? any why?
Children
Immature immune system - no attack launched
70% of those with Hep C will develop chronic Hep C i.e wont clear the infection. Of that 70% What % of patients will develop liver disease?
25%
What does a positive cAb serology test mean?
They have come into contact with the virus and may or may not be currently infected
What does a positive:
sAg mean?
sAb mean?
sAg - surface antigen. they currently have the disease
aAb - the person has been infected but currently is not.
What does a positive:
eAg mean?
eAb mean?
eAg - suggests highly infective with high concentrations in blood
eAb - suggests not particularly infective with reasonable low concentrations in blood.
Both demonstrate they are infected
What are the treatments for Hep B?
Immunological: interferon
Antiviral medication
What are the two antiviral drugs for Help B?
Tenofovir
Entecavir
What type of virus is Hep D?
RNA
What other Hep virus must a person have if they have Hep D?
They must have Hep B as well as the Hep D is unable to replicate without it.
In Hep C - what % naturally clear the infection?
30%
What is the diagnosis serology of Hep C?
Anti HCV IgG - which if positive would be followed by:
PCR or Antigen of virus. If this is positive then patient is infected
What does a positive Anti HCV IgG mean?
Chronic infection or cleared infection
What are the drugs that have effectively cured Hep C?
Direct Acting Antivirals
DAAs
What are the three main DAAs?
N53/4 Protease inhibitors
NS5B Polymerase
NS5A inhibitors
What criteria is in place to whether a person gets a DAAs
genotype
Degree of cirrohosis
What hepatitis only affects humans?
Hep A
What test would demonstrate acute hep A infection?
IgM to Hep A
What is the treatment drug for Hep C and E?
Rivavirin
Name 3 of the Direct Acting Antivirals used in Hep C.
Harvoni
Olysio
Sovaldi
What are the tests for Hep A?
Acute: IgM or RNA in stool
Chronic or vaccine: IgG
What are some of the risk factors associated with chronic Hep B?
Cirrhosis
Hepatocellular carcinoma
What is the natural cycle of Hep B?
Immune replication = liver damage
dormant period
Reactivation = liver damage
