Cancer and drugs

Question 1

What is the drug that blocks Raf kinase and is used in melonoma treatment?

Answer 1

Vemurafenib

Question 2

What drug acts like ATP and binds to tyrosine kinase protein and is used in CML?

Answer 2

Imatinib

Question 3

What drugs can be used as anti-VEGF in renal carcinomas?

Answer 3

Sunitinib

Pazopanib

Question 4

Name a CTLA-4 inhibitor? and what does it do?

Answer 4

Ipilimumab

Blocks CTLA-4 preventing the CD8+ from being turned off

Question 5

Name a PD-1 inhibitor and how does it work?

Answer 5

Nivolumab

Blocks PD-1 preventing CD8+ being turned off

Question 6

What is used as a anti-pro-static cancer treatment by removing T cells and exposing them to prostatic acid phosphotase?

Answer 6

Provenge

Question 7

Name a type of precision medicine in cancer

Answer 7

ALK inhibitors for lung cancer - Crizotinib

Question 8

What are prognostic markers?

Answer 8

these are markers that will help to inform how well a patient will do, independent of treatment.
- helps to decide which patients to treat

Question 9

What are predictive markers?

Answer 9

How well patients will do in regard to a certain treatment

- help to choose what drug is best for a patient

Question 10

What’s the problem with precision medicine and cancer?

Answer 10

Cancer is rarely one mutation but instead a host of them - which means you may target only one of the many mutations `

Question 11

What is crizotinib?

Answer 11

Anaoplastic Kinase inhibitor (ALK inhibitor). blocks tyrosine kinase proteins in metastatic non small cell carcinoma

Question 12

What are DDR Defective mutations more susceptible to?

Answer 12

Platinum

Question 13

What is used for Eostrogen receptor postive breast cancer?

Answer 13

Tamoxifen

Question 14

Name a Androgen signalling blocker

Answer 14

Enzalutamide

Question 15

Which part of the AblBrc tyrosine kinase does imatinib bind to?

Answer 15

Bind to ABL ATP area

Question 16

What protein degrades hypxoic inducible factor and prevents its over expression, and what cancer is this often not working in?

Answer 16

p-VHL

Kidney cancers

Question 17

Name a common chemotherapy drug and how does it work?

Answer 17

Docetaxel

Disrupts cell microtubules in the spindles

Question 18

Name another problem outwith mutations that affects precision medicine?

Answer 18

Tumours need to be biopsied - which is not always possible and painful to patients.

Question 19

What are the three E’s of immunoedinting for the tumour to escape?

Answer 19

elimination

equilibrium

Escape

Question 20

Name a type of treatment to cancer involving T cells

Answer 20

CART - T cell mechanism

Take T cells out - introduce them to antigen on cancer. grow them.
put back into person. sorted m8.

Question 21

What kinda of cancer is melanomas?

Answer 21

Cancers that derive from neural crest cells

Question 22

What are sarcomas?

Answer 22

Cancers that derive from mesenchymal tissue `

Question 23

Outline the metastatic cascade

Answer 23

Local invasion - MMPs

Angiogenesis - VEGF

Cell detachment

Intravasculirsation

Transport

Arest/ lodgement - Selectins

Extravascualrisation - Diapedesis

Ectopic growth

Question 24

What is the intracellular properties of Cadherins?

Answer 24

Catenins - alpha and beta

Question 25

What transciption factors regulate E-Cadherins?

Answer 25

Slug
snail
twist

Question 26

How does Hepatic Nuclear factor cause scattering.

Answer 26

It is a morphogen and motogen

The microenvironment release it and it binds to C-met triggering phosphorylation of Beta Catenin

Question 27

Name some ways in which the Tumour micro environment can stimulate the tumour, with their receptors.

Answer 27

HNF: C-Met

Chemokines: Chemokine receptors

Stromelysin: TGF