Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Medicine 2 > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Through which pathways do most the cortex motor impulses descend?

A

Lateral and anterior corticospinal tracts and the corticobulbar tracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What arteries arise from the internal carotid?

A

Anterior cerebral, ophthalmic artery, middle cerebral, posterior communicating artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is meant by somatotopic localisation?

A

Certain regions of the nervous system mediate neurological function in certain parts of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the ridges on the surface of the cerebellum called?

A

Folia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the principle nucleus within the cerebellar hemispheres?

A

Dentate Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What makes up the striatum?

A

Caudate

Putamen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the tectum differentiate into on the midbrain?

A

superior and inferior colliculi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the inferior colliculi serve as?

A

Auditory relay route heading to the thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What two important nuclei are located in the tegmentucm of the midbrain?

A

Substantia nigra

Red nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the cerebral aquaduct a good landmark for identifying?

A

Midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is the 4th ventricle located?

A

cerebellum, pons and medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do the pons and cerebellum derive from?

A

Metencephalon - off the hindbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the medulla derives off?

A

myelencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where do the hypoglossal nuclei derive from?

A

Medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is found within the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

3rd venticle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What cells produce the Myelin around the optic nerve and why?

A

Oligodendrocytes - as it is within the meniges and thus is part of the CNS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is the artery of Adamkiewicz found? and what type of artery is it?

A

usually of the left intercostal supplies the lower thoracic and upper lumber regions. supplying 1/3rd of the lower spinal cord.

Segmental medullary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where are the weakest areas of blood supply to the spinal cord?

A

T4 and L1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What makes up the lentiform nucleus?

A

Global Pallidus and Putamen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What type of epithelium lines the choroid plexus?

A

Simple Cuboidal epithelium with microvilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What makes up the corpus striatum?

A

Caudate
Putamen
Globus Pallidus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What area produces glutamate?

A

Subthalamic nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What makes up the Basal Ganglia?

A

Corpus Striatum
Sub-thalamic nuclei
Substantia nigra
thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the role of amygdala?

where is it found?

A

Part of the Limbic system it is involved with

  • emotional responses
  • behaviour
  • long term memory

Medial temporal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Which hemisphere is Broca's area usually located?
Left hemisphere
26
Where are the facial and vestibulocochlear nuceli predominantly located?
Pons
27
What enters in through the infra-orbital fissure?
Branch off the Maxillary nerve after it passes through the foramen rotundum
28
What is the nuclei involved in localisation of sound?
Superior olivary nuclei
29
What nerve supplies Mylohoid and anterior belly of diagastric?
V3 of trigeminal
30
What passes through the venous cavernous sinus?
Carotid artery Occulomotor abducens Trochlear V1, V2 of trigeminal
31
Where do the nerve roots pass in respect to the vertebrae?
C1-7 pass ABOVE C8 - Coc1 pass BELOW
32
What is the supracristal plane and where does it lie?
It is the transverse plane of the beginning of the pelvis and iliac crest. Between body of L4
33
Where is a lumbar puncture done?
Between L3/4 or L4/5
34
What does the limbic system consist of? and what does it do?
``` Thalamus Hypothalamus cingulate gyrus amygdala basal ganglia hippocampus ``` Regulates emotional response and memory - influencing higher centres and lower centres.
35
What does the caudate, putamen and globus pallidus make up?
Corpus Striatum
36
Where is the corticobulbar axons located in the internal capsule?
Genu of the internal capsule
37
Where are the sensation axons in the internal capsule located?
Posterior of posterior limb
38
Where are the corticospinal axons located in the internal capsule and what is there tomography of the body?
Posterior limb - arranged with head nearest genu and feet at the posterior
39
What artery does the posterior inferior cerebellar artery derive off?
Vertbral artery
40
What two arteries does the occulomotor run between?
Posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar artery
41
What structure separates the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar?
Tentorium cerebellar
42
What is the femoral nerve, nerve roots?
L2-L4
43
Where do the fibres for penile erection come off?
Parasympathetic for erection - S2-4
44
Where do the fibres for ejaculation come from?
Sympathetic T11 - L2
45
What do the dorsal Rami of the spinal nerves supply?
Vertebral column Deep muscles of the back Skin over the back
46
What do the anterior rami of the spinal nerves supply?
The trunk of the body They make up the major plexuses supply the limbs
47
How do the pre-ganglionic nerve fibres reach the sympathetic chain?
Via the anterior Ramus projection of the spinal nerve. They then pass off the anterior ramus via: Rami Communications
48
What is the name of the ligament that secures the spinal cord in place against the motion of the vertebral column? where do they attach? how many are there?
Denticulate ligament From the pia matter to the arachnoid and dura 21 pairs
49
What does the cillary body consist off?
Ciliary muscles Ciliary processes
50
What is the anatomical location where the cornea becomes joins with the sclera and is there any clinical reference to this area?
Corneal Limbus Place of corneal neoplastic growth
51
What does the anterior cavity of the eye consist of? and where are these located?
Anterior chamber - in front of iris Posterior chamber - behind iris
52
What humour is found in the anterior chamber? - where does it come from and where does it drain?
Aqueous humor secreted from the ciliary epithelium Drained via the canal of schlemm
53
What fluid is present in the vitreous body of the eye?
Vitreous humor
54
What nerve is being tested in the Jaw jerk reflex?
Cranial V
55
What is the transparent canal running throught he vitreous body of the eye?
Hyaline canal - invagination of the hyaline artery
56
Discuss the distribution of the symapathetic nerve supply to the eye.
Hypothalamus - 1st order T1 intermediate - 2nd order superior cervical ganglion - 3rd order then through carotid plexus, then nasociliary, long ciliary another branch comes off to the short ciliary
57
What is the clivus?
most anterior section of the occipital bone that slopes down towards the magnum foramen - the brain stem lies along it
58
What is the major ligament that stablises the dens in the foramen magnum?
Cruciate ligament
59
What is the pre-ganglion fibres that enter the communicating rami to the sympathetic chain?
White rami fibres
60
where does the subarachnoid space end?
S2
61
Name the layers of the retina starting from the outside. give reference to the cells involved.
Pigmented - RPE Rods and cones outer limiting membrane - Muller cells Outer neural layer - cell bodies of Rods and cones Outer plexiform - projections of rods and cones and Bipolar axons. Formed by Horizontal cells Inner neural layer - cell bodies of bipolar cells Inner plexiform - projections of bipolar and ganglion cells. Formed by Amacrine cells Ganglion cell layer Ganglion axons/ retinal Outler limiting membrane - muller cells

Medicine 2 (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions