Hepatic Physiology Flashcards
Where do the vessels and bile system enter the liver?
Portal Hepatis
What surrounds the liver that is innervated by the intercostal nerves?
Glisson’s capsule
What is the liver made up of?
Parenchymal tissue
Vasculature
Bililary system
Connective tissue
What separates the hepatic plates?
Sinusoids
What is the space between the fenstrated endothelium and the hepatocytes that allows effective interaction with the blood?
Space of Disse
What are the cells nearest the hepatic portal in the acinus of the liver called?
Periportal
What are the cells nearest the central lobular vein called in the acinus of the liver?
Perivenous
What are bile salts?
Bile Acids + Amino acids
Taurine
Glycine
3:1 Glycine
What amino acids are used to make bile salts?
Glycine
Taurine
What is an important bile salt produced that aids in the break down of fat?
Taurocholic
The majority of bile acids are reabsorbed, what is this process called?
Enterohepatic circulation
What does bile consist of?
H2O
Bile Salts
Bilirubin
Cholesterol
Phosolipids
What are the phases of drug metabolism?
Phase I - Oxidation, Reduction, Hydrolysis
Phase II - Conjugation - Gluronic acid
What is the enzyme responsible for conjugating bilirubin?
UDP Glucoronyl transferase
Whats the system that breaks down old RBCs and how much does it contribute to iron levels in circulation in the blood?
Reticulo- endothelium system
50mg daily. More so than absorption of iron from intestines
What ligament used to be the umbilical vein?
Ligamentum teres
When Fe2+ enters the RBCs it can be transported to the mitochondria to produce Heme, what is the enzyme that does this?
Delta - Aminolevulinate Synthase
What is the cells in the liver that usually store Vitamin A?
Stellate cells / Perisinusoidal cells
What is the enzyme responsible for the formation of bile acids from cholesterol?
7 - alpha hydroxylase
In enterohepatic circulation, what percentage of bile salts are produced by the liver and where does the majority of re absorption occur of the secreted salts?
10%
Ilium
Where does the microsomal ethanol oxidising system take place in?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum in hepatocytes
In the acinus, which zone does the urea cycle take place in?
Zone 1
What is the main fibres that make up the structure of the liver and what is the collagen type in them?
Reticulun fibres.
Type 3 and 1
What is the first zone to become damaged due to alcohol use?
Zone 3
What are the vessels that line the liver lobules?
Portal triad
What makes up the portal triad?
Hepatic arteriole: off the hepatic artery
Terminal portal vein: off the portal vein
Bile duct - receiving bile from the bile caniculi to drain into the gall bladder
What type of epithelium do hepatocytes have?
Cuboidal with microvilli
Does the periportal system contain valves? how is this significant?
It contains no valves
this leads to many of the shunting areas that go on, namely the enlarged spleen.
Why does alcohol cause macrocystic anaemia?
Alcohol suppresses bone marrow production of RBCs
Folate/ Folic acid deficiency
