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Medicine 2 > Elicit drugs and Anti-depressants > Flashcards

Elicit drugs and Anti-depressants Flashcards

1
Q

How does MDMA work?

A

Blocks the uptake of Serotonin and promotes its release from Vesicles

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2
Q

How does Cocaine work? and what can be an affect of this?

A

It blocks mono-amine re-uptake. namely dopamine.
it also blocks noradrenaline and adrenaline.

  • symapthetic response
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3
Q

How do amphetamines work?

A

Block dopamine up-take and promote its release from vesicles

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4
Q

How do beznodiazepines work?

A

GABA agonists - cause sedation

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5
Q

How do opioids work?

A

Activate Mu receptors = Modulate pain and cause sedation
Mu receptors also activate the mesolimbic pathway causing reward feedback

Kappa Receptors = Dysphoria

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6
Q

What kind of a drug is LSD and how does it work?

A

Hallucinogen/ psychedelic

Release of 5HT

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7
Q

What kind of a drug is mephedrone and how does it work?

A

A so called “legal high”.

promotes release of noradrenaline and blocks monoamine - uptake including 5HT and dopamine

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8
Q

Give examples of Serotonin Noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitors/ SNRI’s

A

Venlafaxine

Duloxetine

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9
Q

Give an example of an Mono-oxidase inhibitor:

A

Pheneizine

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10
Q

Name a drug that promotes the release of dopamine and is used for ADHD treatment

A

Dexamphetamine

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11
Q

What is the second line of treatment for ADHD and what is the drug type?

A

Atomoxetine

Noradreanline Re-uptake inhibitor

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12
Q

What is 3rd line for ADHD and what type of drugs are these?

A

Clonidine

Gaunfacine

Alpha -2 agonists

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13
Q

What drugs may be given for Dementia with lewy bodies, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s?

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors

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14
Q

Give three examples of cholinesterase inhibitors:

A

Donepizil

Rivastigamine

Galantamine

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15
Q

What may be given for Alzheimer’s dementia other than cholinesterase inhibitors?

A

NMDA receptor antagonists

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16
Q

Name a NMDA receptor antagonist

A

Memantine

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17
Q

What type of dementia must anti-pychotics not be given too?

A

Dementia with Lewy bodies - it can make it worse.

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18
Q

What drug can be given for alcoholics to discourage drinking? and how does it work?

A

Disulfiram

Blocks Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase

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19
Q

How many candidates fail the first clinical trial?

A

70-80%

20
Q

What is a serious toxic effect of carbamazepine?

A

Steven - Johnson syndrome - toxic epidermal necrolysis

21
Q

Name two pro-drugs commonly used

A

Codeine

Aspirin

22
Q

What is the pyramid of analgesics? from the bottom

A

Step 1: NSAIDs/ Paracetamol

Step 2: Codeine, Dihydrocodeine

Step 3: Tramadol

Step 4: Morphine/ Oxycodone/ Pethidine

23
Q

What are the routes of entry into for drugs into the brain?

A

Blood - IV

Intrathecal - via sub arachnoid

Enteral - drug must be lipophilic to cross

24
Q

What drug can be used to disrupt the blood brain barrier?

A

mannitol

25
Q

How do Diazepams work?

A

Allosteric GABA agonists

26
Q

How does opioids cause euphoria?

A

reduce the disinhibition to the mesolimbic pathway - increasing dopamine firing from the VTA to the nucleus accumbens

27
Q

Give an example of a NSRI:

A

Venlafaxine

28
Q

What bicarbonate is on the lumen of the PCT and which is inside?

A

IV on lumen side

II is inside

29
Q

What drugs will not cause a change in pupils?

A

Sedatives

30
Q

What receptors does ketamine work on?

A

NMDA receptor antagonists

31
Q

What receptor activation will cause anxiolysis and ataxia?

A

GABA receptor stimulation

32
Q

At what blood alcohol level would euphoria and impaired of balance become notable?

A

0.08-9

33
Q

At what blood level is coma and death most likely?

A

0.4 - 0.5

34
Q

What is seen in stimulant toxidrome? and what is a serious effect?

A

Dilated pupils

Elevated body temperature

35
Q

What is seen in serotonin syndrome?

A

Triad of:

  • altered mental status - confusion / seizures
  • autonomic changes - sympathetic drive
  • neuromuscular effects - clonus, hypereflexia
36
Q

Onset of coacaine? main action and half life?

A

30 mins onset

Blocking uptake of dopamine, NA and 5HT

half life 30-90mins

37
Q

Half life of amphetamines

A

12 hours

38
Q

What are long term side effects of stimulants?

A 
Anxiety 
sleep depreviation 
Aggression 
Paranoia
cognition effects
39
Q

What does cocaine do to platelets?

A

Increases aggregation

40
Q

What are some major concerns with cocaine?

A

Strokes

41
Q

Through which neurotransmitter do drugs cause dysphoria? and what receptor is often associated?

A

Dopamine

Kappa receptors

42
Q

What is the features of opioid toxidrome?

A

parasympathetic action

  • pulmonary oedema
  • seizures
43
Q

What are the common causes of neurological damage in sedatives?

A

Usually caused by indirect things such as falling.

compressive palsies
axonal damage

44
Q

What neurotransmitters does angel dust affect?

A

ACh and dopamine

45
Q

What does Atropa Belladona cause changes in?

A

ACh

46
Q

Whats long term effects of solvent abuse?

A

Ataxia
diploia
Nstagmus
coma

Medicine 2 (28 decks)

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