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Medicine 2 > Head and Neck > Flashcards

Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What nerve provides taste to the 2/3rd anterior of the tongue and what is it a branch off?

A

Chorda tympani - Facial (Crn VII)

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2
Q

What nerves are involved in the gag reflex?

A

Afferent - glossopharngeal

efferent - Vagus

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3
Q

What is the important ganglion involved in the facial nerve which can be a site of Varcilla zoster reactivation?

A

Geniculate ganglion

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4
Q

Where are the lingual tonsils found?

A

Base of tongue just behind the vallecula

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5
Q

Name the tonsils and location:

A

Palatine: between the palaglossal fold and Palapharngeal fold

Lingual: behind Vallecula

Tubal: opening of auidotry tube to nasalpharnyx

adennoids: just above the tubal tonsil in nasalpharnyx

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6
Q

Through which spinal cord area to vibration sensation from the lower limb transmit?

A

Gracile fasciculus in the dorsal fasciculus

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7
Q

What specific parts of the brain does the tentorium cerebeli separate?

A

Occipital lobe and cerebellum

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8
Q

Where is the middle meningeal artery found in relations to the meninges?

A

In the dura, between the inner layer of dura and the periostal layer.

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9
Q

If there is an infection in a eyelash, what lymph nodes may become enlarged and why is this?

A

Parotid lymph nodes

Because these lymph nodes drain the eye area - which then drain into the deep cervical

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10
Q

What lymph node receives a lot of lymph from the lingual tonsils?

A

Jugulo-omyohyoid

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11
Q

What lymph nodes drain the posterior triangle?

A

Superficial cervical lymph nodes

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12
Q

Which muscle can retract the jaw?

A

Temporalis

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13
Q

What nerve supplies the lower part of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Zygomatic branch for facial

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14
Q

What two nerves run OVER the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the posterior triangle? in order from superior to inferior

A

Great auricular Nerve

Transverse cervical Nerve

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15
Q

When operating on the posterior triangle of the neck, what two arteries to anaesthetists try hard to avoid?

A

Transverse cervical artery

Suprascapular artery

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16
Q

At which point does the mouth become the oralpharynx?

A

After the palataglossal fold

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17
Q

What muscle elevates and retracts the tongue?

A

Styloglossus

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18
Q

What muscle protrudes and depresses the tongue?

A

Genioglossus

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19
Q

What muscle predominately depresses the tongue?

A

Hyloglossus

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20
Q

What is the vein that bridges the subcutaneous tissue of the scalp to the superior sagittal sinus?

A

Emissary veins

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21
Q

What epithelium lines the larnyx?

A

Ciliated columnar epithelium

EXCEPT the vocal cords

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22
Q

At what level does the larynx sit?

A

C3, C4, C5, C6

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23
Q

What trachael rings does the thyroid sit between?

A

2-4th

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24
Q

What is the innervation to the diagastric and mylohyoid muscles?

A

Trigeminal V3 - infra- aveolar nerve.

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25
Q

What is the function of the supra-hyoid muscles?

A

to elevate the hyoid bone

26
Q

What is the function of the infra-hyoid muscles?

A

Depress the hyoid during swallowing

27
Q

What innervates the thyrohyoid muscle?

A

Hypogloassal

28
Q

What veins create the retromandibular vein? and where does it drain?

A

Superficial temporal and maxillary vein

External jugular

29
Q

Where does the facial vein drain?

A

Internal jugular

30
Q

Where does the innervation of the parotid shealth come from?

A

C2/3

31
Q

How many permanent teeth are there?

A

32

32
Q

Whats the borders of the posterior triangle?

A

Anterior: Sternocleidomastoid muscle

Posterior: Trapezius

Inferior: Middle 1/3 of clavicle

33
Q

What are the borders of the anterior triangle?

A

Superior: Mandible

Lateral: Sternocleidomastoid muscle

Medial: midline of neck

34
Q

What is found in the carotid shealth?

A

Common carotid (which bifurcates within the shealth)

Internal jugular

Deep cervical lymph nodes

Vagus nerve

35
Q

Where does the inferior thyroid artery branch from?

A

Thryo-cervical trunk off the subclavian

36
Q

During a tracheostomy what is the major vein at risk of being damaged?

A

Inferior thyroid vein

37
Q

What structure must be cut through during a tracheostomy?

A

Thyroid gland - through the isthumus

38
Q

What layer of the scalp if injured will require stitching as opposed to just gluing?

A

aponeurosis

39
Q

What area of the scalp contains large amounts of blood vessels and lymphatics and what is the risk with this?

A

Dense connective tissue - 2nd layer

vessels struggle to close due to the pull of the frontalis muscle and the dense connective tissue prevents vasoconstriciton

40
Q

What is Sellick’s maneuver?

A

compressing the cricoid cartilage which presses on the oesophagus, preventing vomit from coming up.

41
Q

What arch do the facial muscles derive from?

A

2nd pharyngeal arch

42
Q

What nerves provide somatosensory innervation to the nasal cavity?

A

V1, V2 of trigeminal

43
Q

What is the stellate ganglion and where it is located?

A

A large sympathetic ganglion which is the fusion of T1 and inferior cerivical ganglion.

Located at C7 level - anteriorly

44
Q

At the route of the neck, what are the major nerve roots that pass over the 1st rib, and what vessels do they pass with?

A

C8 and T1

subclavian artery and Vein

45
Q

What do the salivary ducts secrete and reabsorb ?

A

Secrete HCO3- and K+.

bring in Na2+

46
Q

Where does the sympathetic supply to the face derive from?

A

Stellate ganglion, Inferior cervical and T1

47
Q

What is unique about about C1, C2?

A

lack of vertebral body

48
Q

What level does the thyroid gland sit?

A

C5 - T1

49
Q

What sits along the Parotid duct and where does the parotid duct open into?

A

Accessory parotid

2nd upper molar

50
Q

If there is an infection in the upper molar teeth, how can it spread to the cavernosa sinus?

A

Via the Sphenoidal Emissary veins

51
Q

What does the superior sagital sinus attach too?

A

Crista Galli

52
Q

Where does the straight sinus sit?

A

In the junction of the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli

53
Q

What is the name of structure that provides the vocal cords and what is it made up of?

A

Conus Elasticus

Lateral crico-thyroid ligament and vocal cords

54
Q

What holds the epiglottis in place to the thyroid cartilage?

A

Thyro-epiglotic ligament

55
Q

What does the coronal sutures separate?

A

Fronto from parietal

56
Q

What does the Sagittal sutures separate?

A

Parietal bones

57
Q

What does the lamboid suture separate?

A

Parietal from occipatal

58
Q

What does the Squamosal suture seperate?

A

Temproal and parietal

59
Q

During a thyroidectomy, what nerves must be carefully avoided and what is the consequence of their damage?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve. associated with inferior thyroid artery. Damage causes hoarseness of voice

External superior laryngeal branch. Associated with superior thyroid artery. Damage causes paralysis of the cricothyroid muscle causing phonation and pitch problems.

60
Q

What nerve supplies the cricothyroid muscle?

A

External laryngeal nerve / superior laryngeal nerve

61
Q

Which muscle raises eyebrows?

A

Frontalis

62
Q

What muscle is most active for smiling?

A

zygomaticus major

Medicine 2 (28 decks)

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