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Year 2 Neuro (JK) > Vestibular function > Flashcards

Vestibular function Flashcards

1
Q

What is the vestibular system?

A

A sensory system essential in the control of posture and balance

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2
Q

Vestibular apparatus comprises of…

A

3 semi circular canals
utricle
saccule

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3
Q

What are the swellings at the bottom of the semi circular canals called?

A

ampulla

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4
Q

What do the ampulla contain?

A

cristae made of cupula containing sensory hair cells

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5
Q

What are the otolith organs?

A

utricle and saccule

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6
Q

What do each of the vestibular apparatus detect?

A

SSC: rotational acceleration

utricle: horizontal - back/front tilt
saccule: vertical acceleration

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7
Q

What is cupula?

A

gelatinous material stretching across ampulla

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8
Q

What nerve do the ciliary hair cells synapse with?

A

CN 8 - vestibulocochlear nerve

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9
Q

Why does the endolymph not initially move?

A

inertia

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10
Q

Why does the ampulla move instantly?

A

embedded into skull

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11
Q

What happens if there is sudden stop in movement and the endolymph keeps moving?

A

dizziness and movement

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12
Q

What are the 2 types of cilia of hair cells?

A

kinocilium - single, large

stereocilia

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13
Q

Does distortion away or towards kinocilium result in APs firing?

A

towards kinocilium

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14
Q

Where does integration of sensory information happen?

A

cerebellum

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15
Q

What are maculae and what are the ways they are arranged?

A

sensory receptors in otolith organs

utricle: horizontal and saccule: vertical

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16
Q

What do the cilia protrude into in the otolith organs?

A

otolith membrane with calcium carbonate crystals (otolith) embedded

17
Q

What is otolith?

A

CaCO3 crystals

18
Q

Are otoliths or endolymph affected more by gravity and why?

A

otoliths - denser

19
Q

What do the cerebellar centres co-ordinate?

A

postural muscles to maintain balance

20
Q

Where do vestibular nuclei receive input from?

A

proprioceptors - neck, body position etc

21
Q

What is kinaesthesia?

A

perception of movement and body position

22
Q

What tracts to the vestibular system reflexes involve?

A

vestibulocortical and vestibulospinal

23
Q

tonic labyrinthine reflexes

A

keep axis of head in constant relationship with body information

24
Q

Dynamic righting reflexes

A

rapid postural adjustments - stop falling when you trip

long reflexes, extension of limbs

25
Q

What animal is dynamic righting reflexes most apparent in?

A

cats

26
Q

Vestibulo-occular reflexes

A

nystagmus and intortion/extortion

vestibular and visual apparatus and postural control

27
Q

If there is right rotation which side of nystagmus would there be?

A

right and then change to left after it finishes

28
Q

caloric stimulation: COWS

A

water - showing horizontal semi circular canals

cold opposite, warm same side - for nystagmus

29
Q

What is nystagmus?

A

constant uncontrolled movements of the eyes

30
Q

Kinetosis

A

motion sickness

31
Q

Autonomic nervous system - motion sickness signs

A

pallor, sweating, decrease BP, nausea, vomiting, dizziness

32
Q

Why does motion sickness happen?

A

vestibular and visual system inputs to cerebellum in conflict

33
Q

Where do sickness symptoms for motion sickess go to?

A

hypothalamus

34
Q

Labyrinthitis

A

infection interfering with vestibular function

ANS symptoms and vertigo

35
Q

Vertigo

A

perception of movement in absence of movement

36
Q

Meniere’s disease - what causes it?

A

overproduction of endolymph leading to increased pressure

37
Q

tinnitus

A

subjective noise

38
Q

Does tilting the head forward or backward bend towards the kinocilium and lead to depolarisation?

A

backwards

Year 2 Neuro (JK) (50 decks)

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