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Year 2 Neuro (JK) > Epilepsy > Flashcards

Epilepsy Flashcards

1
Q

Give some examples of non epileptic attacks

A

narcolepsy and migraine

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2
Q

What would cause a concussive seizure?

A

blow to the head

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3
Q

What are some important things in the history from the patient?

A 
What were they doing at the time 
warning feelings 
what were they doing the night before 
Had anything similar before 
how did they feel after 
Any injuries eg bit tongue, incontinence
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4
Q

What would you ask the witness?

A

what were the movements like, colour in the face, frothing at the mouth, pulse, level of consciousness, vocalisation

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5
Q

What is additional potentially important information?

A

age, sex, family history, past medical history, drugs, alcohol, abuse, past psychiatric history

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6
Q

Causes of syncope

A

long time standing, watching medical procedures, warmth, trauma

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7
Q

What is the most common cause of fainting?

A

Vasovagal syncope

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8
Q

Symptoms of syncope

A

nausea, tunnel vision, tinnitus, hot, light headed

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9
Q

Differences between syncope and seizures

A

position - syncope standing

pallor, onset, recovery, injury, incontinence and precipitants

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10
Q

When do hypoxic seizures most likely occur?

A

Kept upright in a faint

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11
Q

Is long QT syndrome structural or functional problem?

A

functional

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12
Q

Long QT syndrome symptoms

A

family history, collapse after exercise and a cardiac history

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13
Q

Why can seizures cause arrhythmias?

A

outpouring of adrenaline

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14
Q

Non-epileptic attacks - risk factors

A

female, history of abuse, history of medically unexplained symptoms

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15
Q

What do non-epileptic attacks look like?

A

very bizarre movements with jerks and swooning, frequent and prolonged

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16
Q

Investigations of first possible seizures

A

Blood glucose - hypoglycaemic
ECG
consider alcohol and drugs
CT head

17
Q

What advice do you give to patients after their first possible seizure?

A

contact their work
safety information sheets and first seizure clinic
potentially dangerous leisure
driving regulations

18
Q

What are the driving regulations after the first seizure?

A

allowed to drive 6 months after if there has been no other events and their investigations are normal

19
Q

If you drive a HGV or PSV what are the regulations?

A

After 5 years, same criteria as driving a car but also must not be on anti epileptic medication

20
Q

When is epilepsy usually diagnosed?

A

After a second event or if the history of the first seizure points to epilepsy

21
Q

Features of primary generalised epilepsy

A

Myoclonic jerks first thing in the morning

Absences, feeling strange with flickering lights

22
Q

What are features of focal onset epilepsy?

A

deja vu rising from abdomen

look blank, lip smack, fiddle with clothes

23
Q

Epilepsy

A

A condition in which seizures recur, usually spontaneously

24
Q

Epileptic seizure

A

An intermittent stereotyped disturbance of consciousness, behaviour, emotion, motor function or sensation which on clinical grounds is believed to result from abnormal neuronal discharges

25
Q

What group of people are highly affected by epilepsy?

A

Those with learning difficulties

J shaped curve - young babies and increasing likelihood with age

26
Q

What 2 ways did ILAE classify epileptic seizures?

A

clinical data and EEG

27
Q

Which of generalised seizures and focal seizures are functional and which is structural?

A

Focal - structure

generalised - funciton

28
Q

List some generalised seizures

A

tonic-clonic, myoclonic, clonic, tonic, atonic, absence

29
Q

Which type of seizures are at any age and which are more likely <25?

A

<25 is generalised which can have a family history

30
Q

Focal seizures symptoms

A

ANS, aura, motor features, degree of awareness

31
Q

Investigations of epilepsy

A

EEG and MRI

32
Q

Name some treatments of epilepsy

A

sodium valproate, carbamezapime, lamotrigine, phenytoin

33
Q

What is status elipticus?

A

Prolonged or recurrent tonic-clonic seizures lasting over 30 minutes with no recovery

34
Q

Contraindication of sodium valproate

A

do not give to women of child bearing age

Year 2 Neuro (JK) (50 decks)

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