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Year 2 Neuro (JK) > Cells and tissues of the nervous system > Flashcards

Cells and tissues of the nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the only 2 type of nervous system cell types?

A

neurons and glial cells

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2
Q

Are neurons or glial cells exciteable cells?

A

neurons

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3
Q

How are impulses carried in a neuron?

A

as an action potential

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4
Q

Compare the number and size of neurons and glial cells

A

glial cells are smaller and more plentiful

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5
Q

Are there multiple axons or dendrites in a neuron?

A

dendrites

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6
Q

What direction do impulses travel along a neuron?

A

cell body to synaptic terminal

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7
Q

What is the reason for a lot of mitochondria and rER in neurons?

A

high metabolic rate and to package proteins

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8
Q

What does amitotic mean?

A

if it dies will not regenerate itself

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9
Q

Can the axons or cell bodies regenerate if damaged?

A

axons

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10
Q

Saltatory conduction

A

increase speed of impulse as action potential can jump the nodes of ranvier

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11
Q

myelin sheath formed from what?

A

glial cells - oligodendrocytes in the CNS and schwann cells in the periphery

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12
Q

How do the glial cells form the myelin sheath

A

secrete their cell membrane

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13
Q

What happens to the myelin sheath in multiple sclerosis?

A

patchy loss/scarring –> demyelination and abnormal nerve conduction

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14
Q

Cause of MS and epidemiology

A

viral or autoimmune?

Scotland has the highest incidence

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15
Q

MRI - what is seen in MS?

A

whitish plaques of demyelination

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16
Q

Name the 3 types of neurons

A

multipolar, bipolar, pseudounipolae

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17
Q

What neuron has the cell body in olfactory bulb?

A

bipolar

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18
Q

What pathways are bipolar neurons used in?

A

olfactory mucosa, retinal fibres - special sense

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19
Q

What type of neuron is regarded as the “typical” neuron?

A

multipolar

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20
Q

Are multipolar neurons sensory or motor neurons?

A

motor mostly

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21
Q

Are pseudounipolar motor or sensory?

A

sensory

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22
Q

Where does a pseudounipolar neuron cell body lie?

A

in dorsal root ganglia outside of the CNS

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23
Q

What are axons bundled together depending on?

A

information they carry

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24
Q

collection of cell bodies and non myelinated axons in the CNS (2)

A 
diffuse = grey matter
localised = nuclei
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25
Q

Collection of myelinated axons in the CNS (2)

A

diffuse = white matter

bundles carrying specific information within white matter = tracts

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26
Q

myelinated axons in periphery

A

nerves

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27
Q

cell bodies in periphery

A

gangia

28
Q

2 types of glial cells found in the periphery?

A

schwann cells and satellite

29
Q

4 types of glial cells found in the CNS?

A

astroctytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells

30
Q

What do ependymal cells line?

A

ventricles

31
Q

What are the thalamus and hypothalamus a part of?

A

diencephalon

32
Q

What tube goes on to form the nervous system?

A

neural tube

33
Q

how many primary and secondary vesicles are there?

A

3, 5

34
Q

What are the 3 primary vesicles called?

A

forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain

35
Q

What fluid do the ventricles contain?

A

CSF

36
Q

What part of the brain does the forebrain form?

A

diencephalon and cerebrum

37
Q

What part of the brain does the hindbrain form?

A

pons and medulla

cerebellum

38
Q

telencephalon - what ventricle?

A

lateral ventricles

39
Q

diencephalon - which ventricle?

A

3rd ventricle

40
Q

midbrain - which ventricle?

A

cerebral aqueduct

41
Q

hindbrain - which ventricle?

A

4th

42
Q

What does the interventricular foramen connect

A

lateral and 3rd ventricle

43
Q

What part of the adult brain are lateral ventricles found?

A

cerebral hemispheres

44
Q

What part of the adult brain is the interventricular foramen found?

A

diencephalon cavity

45
Q

cerebral aqueduct found where in the brain?

A

midbrain

46
Q

What part of the brain is the 4th ventricle found?

A

hindbrain with the cerebellum at the back

47
Q

What are the 3 layers of mater?

A

dura, arachnoid and pia

48
Q

Describe dura mater

A

tough, fibrous, outer layer - dural folds

49
Q

Pia mater description

A

vascularised and dips into folds of the brain

50
Q

2 spaces between the mater?

A

subdural and subarachnoid

51
Q

What does the subarachnoid space contain?

A

CSF

52
Q

subdural space - what is important about this?

A

potential space with blood vessels for the CNS

53
Q

CSF function

A

maintain intracranial pressure

54
Q

Where is CSF found?

A

inside ventricles and between pia and arachnoid mater

55
Q

Where is CSF formed?

A

choroid plexus in the ventricles

56
Q

Where is CSF absorbed?

A

arachnoid villi into saggital sinus

57
Q

How does CSF get into the subarachnoid space from the ventricles?

A

lateral aperture of the 4th ventricles and foramen

58
Q

What are the 4 dural folds you need to know?

A

falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli and diaphragm sellae

59
Q

falx cerebri location

A

between cerebral hemispheres

60
Q

tentorium cerebelli location

A

separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum

61
Q

falx cerebelli location

A

between cerebellar hemispheres

62
Q

diaphragm sellae goes around what?

A

pituitary stalk

63
Q

3 parts of the blood-brain barrier

A

tight junction - endothelium
thick basal lamina
foot process of astrocytes

64
Q

What types of organs is the blood-brain barrier absent?

A

circumventricular

65
Q

What solubility must drugs have to be delivered to the CNS?

A

lipid

Year 2 Neuro (JK) (50 decks)

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