The red eye and adnexal oncology Flashcards
Why is eyesight unaffected in conjunctivitis?
conjunctiva does not overly cornea and lens unaffected aswell
3 types of conjunctivitis
viral, bacterial and allergic
Uvea
choroid, ciliary body and iris
What is uveitis?
Inflammation in the eye
Give examples of what is affected in anterior, intermediate and posterior uveitis
anterior = iris intermediate = ciliary body and vitreous posterior = choroid ,retina and blood vessels
If blood vessels are affected in uveitis what can result?
papilledema
Panuveitis
All layers of eye are affected
Causes of uveitis
idiopathic, infection eg TB, systemic disease eg sarcoidosis, leukaemia
Treatment of uveitis
infection, topical anti inflammatory and systemic steroids/immunosuppressant
Acute angle closure glaucoma symptoms
severe pain, vomiting, fixed dilated pupil and lost vision
orbital/preseptal cellulitis signs
red swollen eyelid which is sore, Systemically well
causes of orbital cellulitis
insect bite or lid cyst
Symptoms of orbital/preseptal cellulitis
double vision, conjunctivitis, blurred vision
What is orbital cellulitis caused by?
sinusitis, dental infection and haematological spread
Some diseases which can have ophthalmic presentations are….
diabetes, hypertension, autoimmune, haematological, inflammatory, infection, inherited
What is the adnexal?
appendages of the eye
lacrimal apparatus and drainage system, orbits, eyelids
What is a tumour?
Abnormal proliferation of tissue
carcinoma meaning
derived from epithelium eg GI tract, skin
Sarcoma meaning
derived from connective tissue eg fat, bone, nerve
Lymphoma meaning
haemopoietic cells maturing in lymphatic tissue
Leukaemia meaning
haemopoietic cells maturing in blood
Blastoma meaning
Derived from immature precursor or embryonic cells
Name the 2 type of epithelial cells found in the eyelid
squamous and basal
Name 2 benign eyelid tumours
squamous cell papilloma and basal cell papilloma
What is the most common malignant eyelid tumour?
basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell papilloma appearance
raspberry, pedunculated, sessile
Squamous cell papilloma cause and treatment
viral
excise or laser ablation
Basal cell papilloma appearance
brown greasy spots with similar raspberry texture
look stuck on and unrelated to sun exposure
ABCDE of early signs of malignant transformation
Asymmetry, border (irregular), colour (varied), diameter (>6mm), evolving/growing
EFG of concerning signs
Elevated, firm, growing
Basal cell carcinoma cause
sun exposure on light fair skin
Basal cell carcinoma appearance
slow growing, non pigmented, pearly, rolled, irregular border, elevated, ulcerated
Basal cell carcinoma treatment
excise, chemo and radiotherapy, topical treatment
How would you take the ideal biopsy?
margins - all tumours have different values
include some normal tissue
Name some benign/malignant orbital tumour
capillary haemangioma
lymphoma, metastases
