The pathology of intracranial tumours Flashcards

1
Q

3 space occupying lesions causing raised ICP

A

haemorrhage - haematoma
tumour
abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Generalised pathology causing raised ICP

A

oedema post trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens following a SOL?

A

amount of tissue increases
raised ICP
cause internal shift/herniation between intracranial spaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 types of internal shift due to SOL

A

Right-left or left-right
uncal herniation
coning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is uncal herniation?

A

cerebrum moves inferiorly over edge of tentorium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is coning?

A

cerebellum moves inferiorly into foramen magnum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a subfalcine herniation?

A

cingulate gyrus pushed side and herniated under falx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens to brain, falx, midline and lateral ventricle in subfalcine herniation?

A

pushed away from tumour
lateral ventricle crushed flat and displaced downwards
midline shift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens to aqueduct in uncal herniation?

A

crushed and narrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is cerebellar tonsillar herniation the cause of?

A

brain stem death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens in cerebellar tonsillar herniation?

A

tonsils move inwards and downwards and crush brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When tumours squeeze nearby tissue what occurs?

A

ischaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Symptoms of squeezing on cortex and brainstem

A

morning headaches

sickness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sign of squeezing on optic nerve

A

papilloedema - fundoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

As ICP increases what happens and why?

A

pupillary dilation - CN 3
falling GCS - cortex and brainstem
brainstem death - crush brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Example of intracranial tumour arising outwith brain and spinal cord

A

meningioma

17
Q

Common cancers to metastasise to brain

A

breast, colon, kidney, lung, melanoma

18
Q

Difference in usual site of CNS tumours in adults and children

A

tentorium - adults above and children below

19
Q

What do gliomas resemble?

A

cells of glial differentiation

20
Q

2 features of gliomas

A

not encapsulated

do not spread outwith CNS

21
Q

Appearance of low grade astrocytoma

A

bland cells and grow very slowly

22
Q

Glioblastoma appearance

A

cellular, atypical, tumour, necrosis

grow quick and large tumours

23
Q

What is medulloblastoma a tumour of?

A

primitive neuroectoderm

24
Q

Where is medulloblastoma usually located?

A

posterior fossa - brainstem

25
Q

What type of people do medulloblastoma usually occur in?

A

children

26
Q

What are menigiomas derived from?

A

arachnocytes

27
Q

Describe a meningioma

A

slow growing and resectable
attached to meninges and depress cerebrum
do not metastasise but can be locally invasive and can invade skull

28
Q

Microscopy of meningioma features

A

bland cells forming small groups

calcification

29
Q

What is an acoustic neuroma?

A

8th cranial nerve schwannoma

30
Q

Where is an acoustic neuroma found within the brain?

A

angle between pons and cerebellum

31
Q

Symptom of acoustic neuroma

A

unilateral deafness

32
Q

Is an acoustic neuroma malignant or benign?

A

benign

33
Q

What is a pituitary adenoma?

A

benign tumour of pituitary in pituitary fossa

34
Q

What signs can occur from a pituitary adenoma?

A

visual - press on optic chiasm

35
Q

Why are CNS lymphoma hard to biopsy and treat?

A

deep in brain

blood-brain barrier

36
Q

Haemangioblastoma

A

tumour of blood vessels

37
Q

Haemangioblastoma - site

A

cerebellum

38
Q

Histology of secondary tumours

A

same as that of primary