The pathology of intracranial tumours Flashcards
3 space occupying lesions causing raised ICP
haemorrhage - haematoma
tumour
abscess
Generalised pathology causing raised ICP
oedema post trauma
What happens following a SOL?
amount of tissue increases
raised ICP
cause internal shift/herniation between intracranial spaces
3 types of internal shift due to SOL
Right-left or left-right
uncal herniation
coning
What is uncal herniation?
cerebrum moves inferiorly over edge of tentorium
What is coning?
cerebellum moves inferiorly into foramen magnum
What is a subfalcine herniation?
cingulate gyrus pushed side and herniated under falx
What happens to brain, falx, midline and lateral ventricle in subfalcine herniation?
pushed away from tumour
lateral ventricle crushed flat and displaced downwards
midline shift
What happens to aqueduct in uncal herniation?
crushed and narrow
What is cerebellar tonsillar herniation the cause of?
brain stem death
What happens in cerebellar tonsillar herniation?
tonsils move inwards and downwards and crush brainstem
When tumours squeeze nearby tissue what occurs?
ischaemia
Symptoms of squeezing on cortex and brainstem
morning headaches
sickness
Sign of squeezing on optic nerve
papilloedema - fundoscopy
As ICP increases what happens and why?
pupillary dilation - CN 3
falling GCS - cortex and brainstem
brainstem death - crush brainstem