Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 2 Neuro (JK) > Topography of the brain > Flashcards

Topography of the brain Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 parts of the brainstem

A

midbrain, pons and medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is connected to the brain via the brainstem?

A

cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What cranial nerves emerge from the brainstem?

A

3-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 functions of the brainstem

A

pathway for tracts running between higher and lower centres
brainstem nuclei involved with 10 out of 12 cranial nerves
Centres produce rigidly programmed autonomic behaviours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What cavity is the medulla in relation to?

A

4th ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

After the foramen magnum what does the medulla continue as?

A

spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the pyramids?

A

midline swellings which are caused by white matter motor tracts from the motor complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What peduncle connects the cerebellum to the medulla?

A

inferior cerebellar peduncle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are the superior and middle cerebellar peduncle in relation to the inferior peduncle?

A

middle - lateral and biggest

inferior and superior on the inside with superior above and inferior below

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cranial nerves emerging from the medulla

A

9-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What part of the medulla is open and closed?

A

open cranial and closed caudal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

pons peduncle

A

middle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cranial nerves emerging from ventral surface of pons

A

5-8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the midbrain develop from?

A

mesencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Central cavity of the midbrain

A

cerebral aqueduct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

4 midbrain surface features

A

CN 1-4
superior cerebellar peduncle
cerebral peduncle
superior and inferior colliculus for visual and auditory reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

On which part of the brainstem are the olives found?

A

medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the dessucation of the pyramids?

A

where the tracts cross over

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the only cranial nerve to originate posteriorly?

A

trochlear - CN 4

20
Q

Are cerebellar peduncles formed from grey or white matter?

A

white

21
Q

Describe the surface findings of the cerebellum (anatomy)

A 
anterior, posterior and flocculonodular lobes 
hemispheres separated by vermis 
tonsils 
sulci and folia
3 cerebellar peduncles
22
Q

ataxia

A

lack of voluntary co-ordination of muscles

23
Q

2 main functions of cerebellum?

A

posture maintenance

fine tuning motor activity

24
Q

3 clinical tests for ataxia

A

finger-nose test
knee-heel test
walking in a straight line

25
Q

3 inputs to cerebellum

A

proprioceptors - ipsilateral periphery
pyramidal tracts - motor intention of the brain
vestibular nuclei re balance and posture

26
Q

Cerebellum - what does it calculate?

A

best way to make smooth co-ordinated movements

27
Q

output of cerebellum

A

back to cerebrum with what to do - via cerebellar peduncle

28
Q

What ventricle is the diencephalon found and is it a superficial or deep structure?

A

deep into cerebrum - 3rd ventricle

29
Q

What does the diencephalon develop from?

A

diencephalic vesicle - from forebrain vesicle

30
Q

Name the paired structures which make up the diencephalon

A

thalamus, hypothalamus (pituitary gland), epithalamus (pineal gland)

31
Q

What is the function of the thalamus?

A

sensory relay station

32
Q

What is the thalamus mainly made up of?

A

group of nuclei - grey matter

anterior medial and lateral

33
Q

What is the lateral group of nuclei of the thalamus responsible for?

A

processing sensory information

34
Q

How are the thalamus and hypothalamus separated?

A

by the hypothalamic sulcus

35
Q

What Is the hypothalamus role in homeostasis - a few examples

A

water balance and thirst
sleep cycle
temperature
endocrine

36
Q

blood supply to the brain - main arteries and how they enter

A

2 ICA and 2 vertebral

ICA via carotid canal and vertebral via foramen magnum

37
Q

What are the vertebral arteries a branch of?

A

subclavian arteries

38
Q

ICA branches

A

ophthalmic, ACA, MCA, P communicating artery

39
Q

What do the 2 vertebral arteries fuse to give and what does this further give off?

A

basilar artery –> PCA

40
Q

What do the vertebrobasilar system branches supply?

A

cerebellum and brainstem

41
Q

Circle of willis - how is it protective and where do the problems come in?

A

anastomoses - occlusion can still receive blood supply

cerebral arteries are end arteries and an occlusion here will result in a stroke

42
Q

What doe each of the cerebral arteries supply?

A

ACA - medial portion exc. occipital lobe
medial - lateral aspect
PCA - occipital lobe and inferior aspect

43
Q

Name the venous sinuses you should know

A

superior and inferior sagittal, lateral, straight, confluence of sinuses, cavernous, inferior and superior petrosal

44
Q

What layers of mater are venous sinuses found between?

A

dura mater

45
Q

When the dural venous sinuses join where do they drain into?

A

IJV

46
Q

Where is the cavernous sinus found and what does it drain?

A

on either side of sella turcica of sphenoid bone

eye venous drainage - ophthalmic veins

47
Q

cavernous sinus relations

A

ICA, abducens nerve, CN 3,4,1,V2

Year 2 Neuro (JK) (50 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions