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Year 2 Neuro (JK) > Disorders of cranial nerves > Flashcards

Disorders of cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What cranial nerves are responsible for taste?

A

7,9,10

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2
Q

What cranial nerves allow general sensation in the ear?

A

7 and 9

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3
Q

Afferent and efferent cranial nerves of pupillary light reflex

A 
afferent = 2 
efferent = 3
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4
Q

Afferent and efferent cranial nerves for corneal reflexes

A 
afferent = 5 
efferent = 7
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5
Q

Afferent and efferent cranial nerves for jaw jerk reflex

A

both 5

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6
Q

Afferent and efferent cranial nerves for gag reflex

A 
afferent = 9
efferent = 10
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7
Q

Briefly state the location of the origin of the cranial nerves

A

3,4 - midbrain
5,6,7 - pons
8 - pontomedullary junction
9-12 - medulla

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8
Q

Causes of unusual cranial nerve signs?

A

chronic or malignant meningitis

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9
Q

Causes of pure motor cranial nerve signs?

A

myasthenia gravis

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10
Q

Give 2 examples of cranial nerve signs with no cranial nerve lesion

A

after stroke

myasthenia gravis, thyroid eye disease - double vision

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11
Q

Causes of cranial nerve damage in the brain

A

tumour, ischaemia

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12
Q

Causes of cranial nerve damage crossing subarachnoid space

A

meningitis

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13
Q

Causes of cranial nerve damage outside skull

A

base of skull tumours arising from nasopharynx

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14
Q

Symptoms of optic neuritis

A

pain on eye movement

reduced visual acuity and colour vision

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15
Q

What is optic neuritis?

A

demyelination within the optic nerve

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16
Q

What is the sign of optic neuritis and what is it associated with?

A

swollen optic disc

MS

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17
Q

Loss of parasympathetic innervation leads to what appearance of the pupil?

A

fixed, dilated

18
Q

Loss of sympathetic innervation leads to what appearance of the pupil?

A

constricted

19
Q

List some causes of dilated pupils

A

youth, anxiety, cocaine, brain death, mydriatic eye drops, dim lighting

20
Q

List some causes of small pupils

A

bright light, middle age, miotic eye drops, opiate overdose, horners syndrome

21
Q

Difference between microvascular and compressive 3rd nerve palsy

A

microvascular is painless and pupil is spared

22
Q

Causes of microvascular and compressive 3rd nerve palsy

A

diabetes, hypertension

posterior communicating aneurysm, raised ICP

23
Q

Causes of isolated 6th nerve palsy

A

idiopathic, diabetes, meningitis, raised ICP

24
Q

Causes of nystagmus

A

congenital, toxins, serious visual impairment, cerebellar disease, peripheral vestibular problem, central vestibular/brainstem disease

25
Q

What Is trigeminal neuralgia?

A

paroxysmal attacks of lacinating pain usually in middle age and older

26
Q

Cause of trigeminal neuralgia?

A

vascular loop - compression 5th cranial nerve in posterior fossa

27
Q

How is trigeminal neuralgia treated?

A

carbamazepine or surgery

28
Q

What usually precedes bells palsy?

A

pain behind ear

29
Q

bells palsy symptoms and signs

A

unilateral facial weakness
eye closure affected
risk of corneal damage

30
Q

Is bells palsy LMN or UMN?

A

LMN

31
Q

How is bells palsy treated?

A

steroids

32
Q

Give an example of UMN and LMN facial nerve palsy

A

UMN eg stroke, tumour

LMN eg bells palsy

33
Q

Describe vestibular neuronitis

A

sudden onset disabling vertigo and vomiting

thought to be viral cause, gradual recovery

34
Q

dysarthria

A

disordered articulation and slurring of speech

35
Q

What is bulbar and pseudobulbar palsy?

A 
bulbar = LMN 
pseudobulbar = UMN
36
Q

Causes of pseudobulbar palsy

A

MND, vascular lesions of both internal capsules

37
Q

Symptoms of pseudobulbar palsy

A 
dysarthria 
dysphonia 
dysphagia 
spastic, immobile tongue 
brisk gag and jaw jerk reflex
38
Q

What cranial nerves does bulbar palsy encompass?

A

9-12

39
Q

Causes of bulbar palsy

A

MND, polio, tumour

40
Q

Symptoms of bulbar palsy

A

wasted, fasciculating tongue
dysarthria
dysphonia
dysphagia

41
Q

What do you need to beware of with bulbar palsy patients?

A

feeding

Year 2 Neuro (JK) (50 decks)

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