The eye muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What do dextro and levo mean?

A

dextro = right and levo= left

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2
Q

Intorsion and extorsion?

A

tilt head to one side and eye will go towards the nose and one away

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3
Q

Are the EOM’s attached along the orbital or optical axis?

A

orbital

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4
Q

What is the relation of the orbital axis to the optical axis?

A

at angles to eachother

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5
Q

What is the affect of the muscles being attached along the orbital axis?

A

pull eye at an angle and hence have more than one movement/action of the eye

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6
Q

Are the obliques attached to the anterior or posterior part of the sclera?

A

posterior

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7
Q

Does the anterior part of the eye move in the same or opposite direction of that the oblique has pulled it?

A

opposite

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8
Q

What 3 EOM’s have only 1 action on the eyeball?

A

the medial and lateral recti

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9
Q

What do the lateral and medial recti do to the eyeball?

A

medial - adducts lateral - abducts

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10
Q

superior rectus actions

A

elevation - LR

intorsion - MR

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11
Q

inferior rectus actions

A

depression - LR

extorsion - MR

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12
Q

superior oblique action

A

intorsion - LR

depression - MR

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13
Q

inferior oblique action

A

extorsion - LR

elevation - MR

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14
Q

obliques elevate/depress when eye is…

recti elevate/depress when eye is…

A

adducted

abducted

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15
Q

strabismus

A

misalignment of the eyes - squint

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16
Q

Esotropia

A

manifest convergent squint

17
Q

Exotropia

A

manifest divergent squint

18
Q

2 functional consequences of squint

A

amblyopia - lazy eye

diplopia - double vision

19
Q

Amblyopia/lazy eye - how does it work?

A

brain suppresses image of one eye leading to poor vision with no pathology

20
Q

What type of squints are diplopia usually seen with?

A

nerve palsy

21
Q

pupillary reaction to increased illumination

A

parasympathetic - pupils constrict

22
Q

pupillary reaction to decreased illumination

A

sympathetic - pupils dilate

23
Q

How would you test pupillary reflex? (brief)

A

use a pen torch in a dimly lit room on one eye which should constrict both eyes
move torch to other eye - both sides should still be constricted

24
Q

Afferent pathway for light reflex

A

optic nerve -> optic chiasma -> optic tract -> midbrain ( CN 3 nucleus) -> EWN for parasympathetic -> nerve fibres for pupillary reflex -> midbrain

25
Q

Do pupillary reflex fibres go to LGB?

A

NO - EWN

26
Q

efferent pathway for light reflex

A

EWN -> preganglionic parasympathetic fibres synapse in ciliary ganglion and send short ciliary fibres to constrictor pupillae –> pupillary constriction on both sides

27
Q

Aniscoria

A

pupils of different sizes

28
Q

What is a condition that aniscoria may be found?

A

Horner’s syndrome

29
Q

3 reasons for pupils looking normal but reacting abnormally to light?

A

retinal diseases
optic nerve disease
CN 3 disease

30
Q

retinal disease examples

A

detachment, dystrophy, degeneration

31
Q

optic nerve neuritis disease example

A

MS

32
Q

If there is an absent parasympathetic pupillary reflex to light what can this mean?

A

cerebral artery aneurysm

diabetes would have no damage to parasympathetic fibres

33
Q

Horners aniscoria - damage to sympathetic or parasympathetic fibres?

A

sympathetic - dilation

34
Q

3 signs of horner’s anisocoria

A

miosis - constricted pupil
anhidrosis - sweating on affected side
ptosis - drooping of eyelid

35
Q

What region of the vertebra is sympathetic outflow?

A

thoraco-lumbar

36
Q

In the head and neck how to postganglionic sympathetic fibres travel?

A

along with blood vessels