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Year 2 Neuro (JK) > Spinal cord and periphery > Flashcards

Spinal cord and periphery Flashcards

1
Q

Are tracts made from grey or white matter?

A

white

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2
Q

What is the arrangement of grey and white matter in the spinal cord?

A

grey inside and white on the outside

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3
Q

Where are motor neuron cell bodies found in the spinal cord eg grey matter or white matter

A

ventral horn of grey matter

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4
Q

What is motor neuron disease?

A

group of diseases affecting the neuron in the ventral horn of spinal cord - lower motor neuron

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5
Q

How does motor neuron progress?

A

nerve dies and so the muscle supplied by this nerve atrophies and have no reflexes or tone
degenerative and incurable

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6
Q

What are the 2 broad types of white matter pathways?

A

ascending - sensory and descending - motor

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7
Q

What are the 3 columns of tracts called?

A

lateral, anterior and posterior

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8
Q

What do the corticospinal/pyramidal tracts control?

A

motor function = control of voluntary skilled movements

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9
Q

Where do corticospinal tracts cross?

A

decussation of pyramids - medulla

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10
Q

Are corticospinal tracts classes as UMN or LMN?

A

upper

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11
Q

How many neurons are in ascending pathways?

A

3

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12
Q

What neuron ALWAYS crosses over in ascending pathways?

A

2

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13
Q

What are posterior/dorsal columns responsible for?

A

fine touch, proprioception, vibration sense

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14
Q

Where do posterior columns cross over?

A

2nd neuron crosses at the medulla - upper portion

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15
Q

Where does the 2nd order neuron end and hence the 3rd order neuron start in dorsal pathways?

A

thalamus

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16
Q

In dorsal pathways what part of the brain does the 3rd order neuron travel to?

A

parietal lobe - post central gyrus

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17
Q

What are spinothalamic tracts used for?

A

pain and temperature

18
Q

What level do spinothalamic tracts cross over?

A

the level they enter the spinal cord

19
Q

Lesion above level of crossing…

A

defecit on opposite side

20
Q

lesion below level of crossing…

A

defecit on same side

21
Q

Where do motor tracts originate?

A

cerebral cortex and brainstem

22
Q

Motor/descenidn gpathway function

A

control of movement, muscle tone and spinal autonomic functions

23
Q

Tracts coming from cerebral cortex have how many neurons in their pathway?

A

2

24
Q

Where do motor tracts decussate?

A

medulla - pyramidal decussation

25
Q

What are the 2 neurons in the motor pathway referred to as?

A

UMN and LMN

26
Q

Is the UMN or LMN responsible for reflexes and tone?

A

LMN

27
Q

If there is damage of the UMN what would happen?

A

tone increased and reflexes exaggerated

28
Q

What are reflexes?

A

involuntary stereotyped pattern of response brought about by a sensory stimulus

29
Q

What are reflexes mediated at spinal cord level known as?

A

spinal reflexes

30
Q

Is the stretch or flexor reflex monosynaptic?

A

stretch

31
Q

How is the stretch reflex protective?

A

polysynaptic arc to inhibitory neuron for reciprocal innervation eg knee bucking

32
Q

What does the flexor reflex help protect the body from?

A

painful stimuli

33
Q

spastic paralysis and hyperflexia - UMN or LMN lesion?

A

UMN

34
Q

List some things you would enquire about if there is a neurological lesion

A

cortical problem eg speech
motor paralysis/weakness - what side, spastic/flaccid, reflexes
sensory defect - what side? for pain+temperature and then proprioception, vibration etc
cranial nerve weakness - what side?

35
Q

How many neurons are there in the autonomic nervous system?

A

2

36
Q

ANS function?

A

innervation and control of secretory glands, smooth muscles and organs

37
Q

Sympathetic outflow

A

thoracolumbar

38
Q

Parasympathetic outflow

A

craniosacral

39
Q

Does parasympathetic or sympathetic have ganglia near the target organ?

A

parasympathetic

40
Q

Does parasympathetic or sympathetic target every body cell?

A

sympathetic

Year 2 Neuro (JK) (50 decks)

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