Common conditions of the eye Flashcards
What is nuclear sclerosis?
lens opacification and thickening related to age meaning you see more of the red spectrum
How would you confirm a blow out fracture?
history, CT
Bony orbit fractures can often lead to what?
herniation of contents into surrounding sinuses
What is transmitted through the infraorbital foramen and how can the function of this be tested?
infraorbital nerve
sensation to the face
What nerve is the infraorbital nerve originating from?
maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve - CN V2
When can orbital fat be increased?
thyroid disease
Describe the difference of eye appearance in normal and thyroid eye disease
thyroid - blood vessels seen, entire iris visible as usually upper eyelid is 1-2mm below corneoscleral junction and bottom eyelid level with this junction
Cavernous sinus thrombosis - brief description of how it happens
infection from nose, sinus, ears or teeth which spreads via emissary veins to the cavernous sinus
Coloboma
hole in one of the structures in the eye
Coloboma - due to an anomaly in what?
choroidal fissure fusion
briefly explain retinal detachment
eg trauma can cause a retinal tear, vitreoud humor liquefies and pushes through this to detach the retina
conjunctivitis - why no eye sight loss?
cornea unaffected as the conjunctiva does not cover this
treatment of conjunctivitis
antibiotic eye drops
signs of conjunctivitis
red, watery eyes with or without discharge
nerve cause of ptosis
LPS supplied by oculomotor nerve
nerve cause of inability to close the eye
orbicularis occuli - facial nerve
what is a hordeolum?
stye
What glands are blocked in external and internal styes?
external - sebaceous eyelash glands
internal - Meibomian glands in tarsal plate
Inflammatory pathologies of cornea
corneal ulcers
Non inflammatory pathologies of cornea
dystrophies
If the cornea is opacified what surgery has to be undertaken?
keratoplasty - corneal transplant
Give one example of infectious and non infectious corneal ulcers
viral
trauma
Corneal dystrophies
40 year olds, bilateral, lipids, opacifying and decrease vision
Why do cataracts develop?
older fibres never shet and compact in the middle
harmful UV rays damage lens and lens fibres damaged with proteins denatured - opaque - cataract
Glaucoma
Raised intraocular pressure
What does glaucoma usually do to vision?
reduced visual fields
ultimately blindness due to nerve fibres damaged
triad of glaucoma signs
raised IOP
optic disc changes in ophthalmoscope
visual field defects
glaucoma treatment
eye drops
surgery
What layer of the eye is the uvea?
vascular layer - choroid, ciliary body, iris
