Motor control 1

Question 1

High level of motor control - function and structures

Answer 1

strategy, association neocortex and basal ganglion

Question 2

Middle level of motor control - function and structures

Answer 2

tactics, motor cortex and cerebellum

Question 3

Low level of motor control - function and structures

Answer 3

execution, brain stem and spinal cord

Question 4

Strategy

Answer 4

The goal and movement strategy best to achieve goal

Question 5

Tactics

Answer 5

spatiotemporal muscle contraction sequence

Question 6

Execution

Answer 6

activation of motor neuron and inter neuron pools

Question 7

2 lateral pathways

Answer 7

corticospinal and rubrospinal

Question 8

What do lateral pathways control?

Answer 8

control voluntary movements of distal muscles

Question 9

What do ventromedial pathways control?

Answer 9

posture and locomotion

Question 10

What lateral pathway is more important and longer?

Answer 10

CST

Question 11

What makes up the CST?

Answer 11

2/3 area 4 and 6 of frontal motor cortex

rest is somatosensory

Question 12

Where does CST decussate and what is the relevance of this?

Answer 12

medulla/spinal cord so each motor cortex controls opposite side of body

Question 13

Where does rubrospinal tract start?

Answer 13

red nucleus of midbrain

Question 14

Difference between CST lesion and CST+RST lesion

Answer 14

Lose fine movements of hand and arms and struggle to move body parts independently
Just CST - RST compensates and regain movements

Question 15

Vestibulospinal tract function

Answer 15

stabilise head and neck

Question 16

tectospinal tract function

Answer 16

Ensures eyes remain stable as the body moves

Question 17

2 ventromedial pathways for posture and locomotion

Answer 17

tectospinal and vestibulospinal

Question 18

2 ventromedial pathway tracts for controlling trunk and antigravity muscles

Answer 18

pontine and medullary reticulospinal tracts

Question 19

Where do pontine and medullary reticulospinal tracts originate?

Answer 19

brainstem

Question 20

What muscles do medial LMN control?

Answer 20

axial and proximal limb muscles

Question 21

What muscles do lateral LMN control?

Answer 21

distal limb muscles

Question 22

Medial tracts from brainstem control what?

Answer 22

posture, balance and orienting

Question 23

Lateral tracts from cortex control what?

Answer 23

precise skilled voluntary movement

Question 24

Where on the brain Is the primary motor cortex?

Answer 24

precentral gyrus

Question 25

Area 4

Answer 25

primary motor cortex

Question 26

Area 6

Answer 26

premotor area and supplementary motor area

Question 27

What do supplementary motor areas innervate?

Answer 27

distal motor units directly

Question 28

What do premotor area connect?

Answer 28

Reticulospinal neurons innervation proximal motor units

Question 29

Mental image of body in space by what to which part of the cortex?

Answer 29

proprioceptors, visual field and somatosensory

parietal cortex - 5,7

Question 30

Prefrontal and parietal cortex functions

Answer 30

decisions taken about what action/moves to take and their likely outcome

Question 31

Axons from prefrontal and parietal cortex synapse where?

Answer 31

Area 6

Question 32

If you are just thinking of a movement will area 6 or 4 be active?

Answer 32

6 only as 4 is for doing

Question 33

When do neurons in premotor area fire action potentials?

Answer 33

one second before a movement occurs

Question 34

When does area 6 fire?

Answer 34

movement made, imagined or someone else does movement

Question 35

Mirror neurons - clinical importance

Answer 35

May underpin emotions and empathy and dysfunctional possible in autism