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Anatomy ICOM > Vertebral column > Flashcards

Vertebral column Flashcards

1
Q

Primary Spinal Curvature

A

Present at birth

  1. Thoracic kyphosis
  2. Sacral kyphosis
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2
Q

Secondary Spinal Curvature

A

After birth

  1. Cervical lordosis - when holding head up
  2. Lumbar lordosis - when first walking
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3
Q

Intervertebral disc function

A
  1. link adjacent vertebral bodies
  2. limit rotation
  3. inc. strength
  4. transmit loads
  5. absorb shock
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4
Q

Annulus fibrosis

A
  1. alternating fibers
  2. Limits rotation
  3. inc. strength
  4. around edges of IVD
  5. thinner posteriorly
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5
Q

Nucleus pulposus

A
  1. core of IVD
  2. inc. flexibility
  3. inc. resilience
  4. avascular
  5. remnant of notochord
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6
Q

Atlanto-occipital joint

A

sup. articular facets of C1 and occipital condyles
1. No IVD
2. primary fxn: flexion
3. some extension, lateral flexion, and rotation

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7
Q

Atlanto-axial joint

A

C1 and C2 (dens process)

1. primary fxn: rotation

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8
Q

Uncovertebral joints

A
  1. uncinate processes of C3-C7 and superior adjacent body
  2. common sire of bone spurs (osteophytes)
  3. saddle-like structures
  4. may compress nerves/arteries
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9
Q

zygapophyseal joints

A
  1. articular facets determine ROM
  2. Cervical: sloped/horizontal
    A. promotes flexion/extension, some lateral flexion
    B. limits rotation
    C. Most mobile region
  3. Thoracic: vertical
    A. promotes rotation
    B. limits flexion/extension
  4. Lumbar: wrapped (facets cup each other)
    a. promotes flexion/extension
    b. limits rotation
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10
Q

Vertebral column development

A

Week 3: paraxial mesodern -> somitomeres
Week 4: surround notochord -> somites
End week 4: scleratome -> mesenchyme
a. scleratome: cranial = loose, caudal = dense

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11
Q

Adult vs. Embryp vertebrae components

A
  1. body > centrum
  2. arch < neural arch
  3. body = centrum + part neural arch
  4. arch = part neural arch
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12
Q

Resegmentation of scleratomes

A

centrum from caudal part of superior scleratome + cranial prtion of inferior adjacent scleratome
a. remaining mesenchyme -> IVD

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13
Q

Rib development

A

costal processes (elements) on all vert,

a. should only elongate on thoracic
b. common defects
1. extra ribs: C7 and L1
2. sacrilization of L5
3. lumbarization of S1

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14
Q

Mermaid syndrome

A

defect in caudal scleratome migration

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15
Q

Klippel-Feil syndrome

A
  1. 2+ cervical vertebrae fused
  2. short neck, dec. mobility, low hairline
  3. associated w/ cervical dystonia, facial asymmetry, high scapula, spinal stenosis and compression
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16
Q

Spina Bifida

A
  1. Occulta: asymptomatic, tuft of hair on outside
  2. Cystica: neurological defects
    a. meningocele: meningeal cyst
    b. meningemyelocele: involves spinal cord
    c. myeloschisis and rachischesis: spinal cord exposed
17
Q

Vertebral body osteoporosis

A

Metabolic bone disease

  1. Detected routine radio graphic studies
  2. Bone atrophy -> inc risk fractures
18
Q

Lumbar spinal stenosis

A

Narrowing of vertebral foramen

19
Q

IVD herniation (slipped disc)

A

Protrusion of nucleus purposes into or thru anulus fibrosus

20
Q

DISH (diffuse idiopathic skeletal hypersotosis)

A

Vertebral ligaments calcified

  1. Usually ant. Longitudinal lig. -> spinal fusion
  2. “Melted candle wax” appearance
21
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

Vertebral body slips forward

  1. Lumbar
  2. Related to stress fracture
22
Q

Spondylitis

A

Vertebrae joint and IVD inflammation

23
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis

A

Inflammation of all vertebral joints and IVD degeneration

1. “Bamboo spine” - anulus fibrosus ossify -> syndesmophytes, spinal fusion, and spinal straightening

24
Q

Spondylosis

A

Degenerative vertebral arthritis

25
Q

Hemivertebrae

A

Right/left chondrification that center vertebrae doesn’t dev.
1. Unilateral wedge-shaped hemivertebrae

26
Q

Block vertebrae

A

Non-segmentation of adjacent scleratomes -> vertebral fusion

  1. Kyphotic deformity
  2. Kipper-feil syndrome
  3. Blocking/stretching nerve root
27
Q

Excess thoracic kyphosis

A
  1. Humpback or Dowager’s hump

2. Association w/ osteoporosis

28
Q

Excess lumbar lordosis

A

Hollow/sway back

29
Q

Scoliosis

A

Excess lateral curvature

30
Q

Accessory ribs

A

Extra ribs, usually on C7 or L1

31
Q

Sacrilization of L5

A

L5 fuses w/ S1

Anatomy ICOM (34 decks)

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