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Anatomy ICOM > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Olfactory n.

A

CN I

1. Smell via cribiform plate

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2
Q

Optic N.

A

CN II

  1. Vision thru optic canal
  2. Covered in dura mater
  3. Still considered part of the brain
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3
Q

Oculomotor n.

A 
CN III
1. Motor most extraocular m. 
  A. Levator palpebrae superioris
  B. Superior rectus
  C. Medial rectus
  D. Inferior rectus 
  E. Inferior oblique
2. Parasympathetic: ciliary ganglion -> short ciliary branches -> schincter papillae and ciliary m. 
3. Foramen: superior orbital fissure
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4
Q

Trochlear n.

A

CN IV

  1. Motor to superior oblique m.
  2. Foramen: superior orbital fissure
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5
Q

Trigeminal n.

A

CN V

  1. Ophthalmic (CN V1)
  2. Maxillary n. (CN V2)
  3. Mandibular n. (CN V3)
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6
Q

Ophthalmic n.

A 
CN V1
1. Sensory
  A. Forehead
  B. Orbit
  C. Internal nose
  D. Sinuses (frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid)
2. Carries sympathetic and parasympathetic 
  A. Lacrimal glands
  B. Eyes
  C. Mucous membranes 
3. Foramen: superior orbital foramen
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7
Q

Maxillary n.

A 
CN V2
1. Sensory
  A. Face between lower eyelid and upper lip
  B. Nasopharynx 
  C. Upper palate
  D. Maxillary and ethmoid sinuses
2. Carries sympathetic and parasympathetic ->
  A. Lacrimal glands
  B. Mucous membranes
3. Foramen: 
  A. Incisive foramen
  B. Greater and lesser palatine
  C. Foramen rotundum
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8
Q

Mandibular n.

A 
CN V3
1. Sensory
  A. Face below mouth and up around side burns
  B. Anterior 2/3 tongue
  C. Internal cheeks
2. Motor
  A. Muscles of mastication
    1. Temporal masseter
    2. Lateral and medial pterygoids
  B. 4 other muscles 
    1. Tensor veil palatini
    2. Tensor tympani
    3. Mylohyoid 
    4. Anterior belly of digastric 
3. Carries sympathetic and parasympathetic 
  A. Salivary glands
  B. Mucous membranes
4. Foramen: 
  A. Foramen ovale
  B. Foramen spinosum
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9
Q

Abducens n.

A

CN VI

  1. Motor to lateral rectus m.
  2. Foramen: superior orbital fissures
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10
Q

Facial N.

A 
CN VII
1. Special sense: taste anterior 2/3 tongue via chorda tympani
2. Motor:
  A. M. Of facial expression
  B. Stapedius
  C. Stylohyoid 
  D. Posterior belly digastric 
3. Greater petrosal: parasympathetic 
  A. Lacrimal and mucosa via pterygopalatine ganglia
4. Chorda tympani: parasympathetic 
  A. Sublingual glands
  B. Submandibular glans 
  C. Taste
5. Foramen
  A. Stylomastoid foramen
  B. Internal acoustic meatus
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11
Q

Vestibulocochlear n

A

CN VIII

  1. Vestibular: position and balance
  2. Cochlear: hearing
  3. Foramen: internal acoustic meatus
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12
Q

Glossopharyngeal n.

A

CN IX
1. Motor: stylopharyngeus
2. Sensory:
A. Pharyngeal plexus
B. Tonsils
C. Tympanic plexus (auditory tube and tympanic cavity)
3. Taste and sensation post 1/3 tongue
4. Visceral afferent: carotid sinus (w/ CN X)
5. Parasympathetic to parotid gland
A. Tympanic n. -> tympanic plexus -> lesser petrosal -> otic ganglion -> auriculotemporal (V3)
6. Foramen: jugular foramen

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13
Q

Vagus n.

A 
CN X
1. Motor
  A. Pharyngeal constrictors 
  B. Soft palate
  C. Laryngeal muscles 
2. Sensory
  A. Dura posterior cranial fossa
  B. Parts external auricle
  C. Tympanic membrane
  D. External auditory meatus
  E. Pharynx
  F. Larynx
  G. Superior 1/2 esophagus 
3. Visceral afferent: joints CN IX -> carotid sinus and body
  A. Chemoreceptors and baroreceptors for regulating HR and RR
4. Special sense: taste on epiglottis 
5. Parasympathetic: esophagus to left colic flexure
6. Foramen: jugular foramen
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14
Q

Spinal accessory n.

A 
CN XI
1. Motor
  A. Sternocleidomastoid
  B. Trapezius 
  C. Branch joins pharyngeal plexus w/ CN IX and X -> larynx and pharynx
2. Foramen
  A. Jugular
  B. Foramen magnum
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15
Q

Hypoglossal n.

A

CN XII
1. Motor: all intrinsic and extrinsic m. Of the tongue
A. Except: palatoglossus
2. Foramen: hypoglossal canal

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16
Q

Parasympathetic ganglia in the head

A

Posterior synaptic jumps to CN V
1. Ciliary: in orbit
A. CN III -> eye via short ciliary branches CN V1
2. Pterygopalatine: pterygopalatine fossa
A. Greater petrosal (CN VII) -> zygomatic (CN V2) -> nasal glands and lacrimal gland (communicate V1)
3. Submandibular: chorda tympani (CN VII) -> lingual (CN V3) -> submandibular and sublingual glands
4. Otic: CN IX tympanic n. -> postganglionic n. -> auriculotemporal (CN V3) -> parotid gland
5. Geniculate: not parasympathetic
A. Special sensory taste

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17
Q

Face, palate, and external cranial base foramina

A
  1. Supraorbital: CN V1
  2. Infraorbital : CN V2
  3. Mental: CN V3
  4. Greater and lesser palatine: greater and lesser palatine n. (CN V2) and vessels
  5. Incisive foramen
  6. Stylomastoid foramen
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18
Q

Supraorbital foramen

A

CN V1

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19
Q

Infraorbital foramen

A

CN V2

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20
Q

Mental foramen

A

CN V3

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21
Q

Greater and lesser palatine foramina

A
  1. Greater and lesser palatine n. (CN V2) and vessel
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22
Q

Incisive foramen

A
  1. Nasopalatine n. (CN V2)

2. Sphenopalatine vessels

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23
Q

Stylomastoid foramen

A

CN VII

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24
Q

Anterior cranial foss

A
  1. Cribiform plate

2. Optic canal

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25
Q

Cribiform plate

A

CN I

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26
Q

Optic canal

A
  1. CN II

2. Ophthalmic a.

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27
Q

Middle cranial fossa

A
  1. Superior orbital fissure
  2. Inferior orbital fissure
  3. Foramen rotundum
  4. Foramen ovale
  5. Foramen spinosum
  6. Foramen lacernum
  7. Carotid canal
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28
Q

Superior orbital fissure

A
  1. CN III
  2. CN IV
  3. CN V1
  4. CN VI
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29
Q

Inferior orbital fissure

A

Infraorbital and zygomatic branch CN V2

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30
Q

Foramen rotundum

A

CN V2

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31
Q

Foramen ovale

A
  1. CN V3

2. Accessory meninges a.

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32
Q

Foramen spinosum

A
  1. Middle meninges a.

2. Meningeal branch CN V3

33
Q

Foramen lacernum

A

Internal carotid a.

34
Q

Carotid canal

A

Internal carotid canal

35
Q

Posterior cranial fossa

A
  1. Foramen magnum
  2. Jugular foramen
  3. Hypoglossal canal
  4. Internal and external acoustic meatus
36
Q

Foramen magnum

A
  1. Medulla oblongata
  2. Vertebral a.
  3. CN XI
37
Q

Jugular foramen

A
  1. Inferior petrosal sinus -> internal jugular vein
  2. CN IX
  3. CN X
  4. CN XI
  5. Posterior meningeal a.
38
Q

Hypoglossal canal

39
Q

Internal and external acoustic meatus

A
  1. CN VII

2. CN VIII

40
Q

Cranial meninges

A
  1. Dura mater
  2. Arachnoid mater
  3. Pia mater
41
Q

Dura mater

A

Tough outer layer
1. Bilaminar
A. External periosteal (endosteal) layer
1. Potential space between skull and periosteal layer
B. Internal meningeal layer (dura mater proper): adhered periosteal layer except at rural sinuses

42
Q

Dural venous sinuses

A

Collect blood from superficial and deep veins of the brain

1. Reabsorption CSF from subarachnoid space via arachnoid granulations

43
Q

Dural infoldings (septa)

A

Formed by meningeal layer

  1. Falx cerebri
  2. Tentorium cerebelli
  3. Falx cerebelli
  4. Diaphragm sellae
44
Q

Falx cerebri

A

Between cerebral hemispheres

45
Q

Tentorium cerebelli

A

Roof over posterior cranial fossa

1. Separate cerebrum and cerebellum

46
Q

Falx cerebelli

A

Between cerebellar hemispheres

47
Q

Diaphragma sellae

A

Roof over sella turcica

1. Opening for pituitary stalk

48
Q

Dural blood supply

A
  1. Main= middle meningeal a.

A. Branch of maxillary a.

49
Q

Sensory innervation of the dura

A 
1. Meningeal n.
  A. CN V (all subdivisions)
    1. Anterior and middle cranial fossa
    2. Falx cerebri
    3. Tentorium cerebelli
2. C2 and C3: posterior cranial fossa
50
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

Thin delicate layer

  1. Contains CSF in subarachnoid space
  2. Arachnoid trabeculae: delicate attachment to pia mater
51
Q

Pia mater

A

Thin, delicate layer adhered to brain

52
Q

Leptomeninges

A

Arachnoid + pia

53
Q

Dural venous sinuses and flow

A
  1. Superior sagittal sinus
  2. Inferior sagittal sinus
  3. Straight sinus
  4. Occipital sinus
  5. Transverse sinus (paired)
  6. Sigmoid sinus (paired)
  7. Cavernous sinus (paired)
54
Q

Superior sagittal sinus

A

Superior border of falx cerebri -> confluence of sinuses

55
Q

Inferior sagittal sinus

A

Along inferior free edge of falx cerebri -> joins great cerebral vein -> straight sinus

56
Q

Straight sinus

A

Junction where falx cerebri meets tentorium cerebelli -> confluence of sinus

57
Q

Occipital sinus

A

Posterior border of falx cerebelli -> confluence of sinuses

58
Q

Transverse sinus

A

Paired
1. Confluence of sinuses -> along posterior border tentorium cerebelli -> superior petrosal part of temporal bone -> sigmoidal sinus

59
Q

Sigmoid sinus

A

Paired

1. S-shaped -> jugular foramen -> internal jugular foramen

60
Q

Cavernous sinus

A

Paired
1. Located in middle cranial fossa
2. Collects blood from
A. Orbit
B. Pituitary gland
C. Superior veins cerebral hemisphere
D. Other small dural sinuses
1. Intercavernous sinuses (posterior and anterior)
2. Superior petrosal sinus (paired)
3. Inferior petrosal sinus (paired)
3. Internal carotid a. And CN VI run thru it
4. Cranial nerves III, IV, V1 and V2 embedded w/in meningeal layer of dura that forms lateral wall cavernous sinus

61
Q

Intercavernous sinuses

A

Posterior and anterior

1. Thru sella turcica communicate w/ 2 cavernous sinuses

62
Q

Superior petrosal sinus

A

Paired

1. Cavernous -> superior border petrosal part of temporal bone -> terminal part of transverse sinus

63
Q

Inferior petrosal sinus

A

Paired

1. Cavernous -> inferior border of petrosal part of temporal bone -> internal jugular vein

64
Q

Vertebral artery

A

From subclavian -> enters foramen magnum
1. 4 parts
A. 1st (prevertebral) part: superior and inferior from subclavian -> transverse foramen C6
B. 2nd (cervical) part: thru transverse foramina C6 -> C1 -> anterior to anterior rami of spinal n.
C. 3rd (Atlantic) part: thru vertebral canal
1. Seen in floor of suboccipital triangle
D. 4th (intracranial) part: thru dura and arachnoid mater -> posterior cranial fossa -> foramen magnum -> pair meets at medullopontine sulcus -> basilar a. -> divided left and right posterior cerebral a.

65
Q

Cerebellum blood supply

A
  1. Posterior inferior cerebellar a.
  2. Anterior inferior cerebellar a.
  3. Superior cerebellar a.
66
Q

Posterior cerebral artery

A

Supplies

  1. Occipital lobes
  2. Inferior surfaces of temporal lobes
  3. Most posterior surfaces of parietal lobes
67
Q

Internal carotid artery

A
  1. Thru carotid canal
  2. 4 parts
    A. 1st (cervical) part: ascends to base of skull
    B. 2nd (petrous) part: thru carotid canal
    C. 3rd (cavernous) part: pierces periosteal layer of dura -> cavernous sinus
    D. 4th (cerebral) part: divides -> anterior and middle cerebral artery
  3. Major branches
    A. Ophthalmic a.
    B. Posterior communicating a.
    C. Anterior choroid a.
    D. Anterior cerebral a.
    E. Middle cerebral a.
68
Q

Ophthalmic a.

69
Q

Posterior communicating a.

A

Branch off internal carotid

1. Proximal part of posterior cerebral a.

70
Q

Anterior choroidal a.

A

Branch off internal carotid

1. Deep structures of brain

71
Q

Anterior cerebral a.

A

Branch off internal carotid

  1. Medial surfaces of frontal and parietal lobes
  2. Superior surface of temporal lobe
  3. Lateral portion inferior surface of frontal lobe
72
Q

Middle cerebral a.

A

Branch off internal carotid

  1. Lateral surfaces of frontal and parietal lobes
  2. Superior surface of temporal lobes
  3. Lateral portion of inferior surface of frontal lobe
73
Q

Cerebral arterial circle (of Willis)

A
  1. Anterior communicating a.: left and right anterior cerebral a.
  2. Anterior cerebral a. (Paired) internal carotid -> anterior communicating a.
  3. Internal carotid a. (Paired)
  4. Posterior communicating a. (Paired): internal carotid and posterior cerebral a.
  5. Posterior cerebral a. (Paired): basilar a. -> posterior communicating a.
  6. Potential vascular shunt (especially cerebral hemisphere)
  7. Vessel walls weak at angles -> aneurysms
74
Q

CN originating from cerebrum

75
Q

CN originating from diencephalon

76
Q

CN originating from mesencephalon (midbrain)

A

CN III and IV

77
Q

CN originating from pons

A

CN V, VI, VII, and VIII

78
Q

CN originating from medulla

79
Q

Which CN runs thru cavernous sinus

Anatomy ICOM (34 decks)

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