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Anatomy ICOM > Back Muscles and Ligaments > Flashcards

Back Muscles and Ligaments Flashcards

1
Q

Ligament fxns

A
  1. strengthen joints

2. limit vertebral movement

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2
Q

Anterior and posterior altanto-occipital membrane

A

ligament around occiput and C1

a. around vertebral arches and foramen magnum
b. resists rotation

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3
Q

Cruciate ligament

A

supports atlanto-axial joint

  1. 3 parts
    a. superior longitudinal band
    b. transverse lig of atlas (sling for dens process)
    c. inferior longitudinal band
  2. prevents post. displacement of dens and ant displacement of atlas
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4
Q

alar ligament

A

attaches dens to foramen magnum

1. prevents excessive rotation

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5
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament

A

C1 to sacrum

  1. strong and fibrous
  2. ant aspect of vert bodies and IVD
  3. well dev in lordotic regions
  4. resists (hyper)extension
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6
Q

Posterior longitudinal ligament

A

C2 to sacrum

  1. narrow, weaker band
  2. post aspect of vert bodies and IVD
  3. less dev in lumbar
  4. weakly resists hyperflexion, prevents herniation
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7
Q

Ligamentum flavum

A
  1. adjacent lamina in post vert canal
  2. strongest in thoracolumbar region
  3. weakest in med cervical
  4. limits flexion, prevents separation of laminae
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8
Q

interspinous ligaments

A
  1. between spinous processes
  2. weak and membranous
  3. limits flexion
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9
Q

Supraspinous ligaments

A

C7 to sacrum

  1. tips of spinous processes
  2. merges w/ nuchal ligament
  3. inc. SA for muscle attachment
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10
Q

Nuchal Ligament

A

Skull to C6

  1. tips of spinous processes
  2. merges w/ supraspinous lig.
  3. inc. SA for muscle attachment
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11
Q

Intertransverse ligaments

A
  1. connect transverse processes

2. limits lateral flexion

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12
Q

Superficial extrinsic muscles

A
  1. Trapezius
  2. latissmus dorsi
  3. levator scapulae
  4. rhomboid major
  5. rhomboid minor
    * Fxn: motor to limbs
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13
Q

Trapezius

A
  1. Fxn: moves shoulder all direction, steadies shoulder, unilateral flexion
  2. Prox: medial 1/2 nuchal line, ext. occip protuberance, C7 - T12 spinous processes
  3. Distal: lat 1/3 clavical, acromion, scapular spine
  4. Innervation: cranial XI (accessory n.), C3 and C4 sensory
  5. supply: transverse cervical artery
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14
Q

Latissmus dorsi

A
  1. Fxn: shoulder (extend, adduct, rotate), pulls body toward arms
  2. Prox: T7-T12 spinous processes, thoracolumbar fascia, inf. scapular angle, ribs 9-12
  3. Distal: floor of intertubercular groove (humerus)
  4. Innervation: Thoracodorsal n. (C6-C8)
  5. supply: thoracodorsal a.
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15
Q

Levator scapulae

A
  1. Fxn: elevates scapula, inf rotation, unilat flexes neck
  2. Prox: C1-C4 transverse processes
  3. Distal: superior angle scapula
  4. Innervation: dorsal scapular (C5) and C3 and C4
  5. Supply: dorsal scapular a.
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16
Q

Rhomboid minor

A
  1. Fxn: retract scapula, inf, rotation, steadies scapula, unilat flexion
  2. Prox: C7-T1 sp. process
  3. Distal: medial border scapula
  4. Innervation: dorsal scapular (C5)
  5. Supply: dorsal scapular a.
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17
Q

Rhomboid major

A
  1. Fxn: retract scapula, inf, rotation, steadies scapula
  2. Prox: T2-T5 sp. process
  3. Distal: medial border scapula
  4. Innervation: dorsal scapular (C5)
  5. Supply: dorsal scapular a.
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18
Q

Intermediate Muscles

A
  1. Serratus posterior superior
  2. serratus posterior inferior
    * Fxn: proprioception
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19
Q

serratus posterior superior

A
  1. Fxn: proprioception
  2. Prox: ligamentum nuchae, C7-T3 sp. processes
  3. Distal: ribs 2-4
  4. innervation: ant. rami T2-T5
  5. supply: imtercostal a.
20
Q

Serratus posterior inferior

A
  1. Fxn: proprioception
  2. Prox: T11-L2 sp. processes
  3. Distal: ribs 8-12
  4. innervation: ant. rami T9-T12
  5. supply: imtercostal a., subcostal, and lumbar a.
21
Q

Deep Back Muscles

A
  1. spinotansversales
  2. erector spinae
  3. Transversospinales
22
Q

Spinotransversales

A
  1. splenius cervicis

2. splenius capitis

23
Q

Splenius cervicis

A
  1. bilateral extension head, unilateral flex and rotate neck
  2. Prox: T3-T6 sp. process
  3. Distal: C1-C3 transverse process
  4. innervation: post. rami spinal n.
  5. supply: occipital, transverse cervical, intercostal
24
Q

Splenius capitis

A
  1. bilateral extension head, unilateral flex and rotate neck
  2. Prox: C7-T4 sp. process, ligamentum nuchae
  3. Distal: mastoid process, lateral 1/2: sup. nuchal line
  4. innervation: post. rami spinal n.
  5. supply: occipital, transverse cervical
25
Q

Iliocostalis

A

(lumborum, thoracis, cervicis)

  1. Fxn: bilateral extension, unilateral flexion
  2. Prox: broad tendon from iliac, sacrum, lumbar sp. process, lower thoracic sp. process
  3. Distal: angle of lower ribs, cervical transverse process
  4. Innervation: segmental post. rami spinal n.
  5. supply: segmentally - deep cervical, intercostal, subcostal, lumbar
26
Q

Erector Spinae

A
  1. Iliocostalis
  2. Longissmiss
  3. Spinalis
27
Q

Longissmiss

A

(thoracis, cervicis, capitis)

  1. Fxn: bilateral extension, Unilateral flex spine
  2. Prox: broad tendon iliac, sacrum, lumbar sp. processes
  3. Distal: thoracic and cervical transverse processes, mastoid process
  4. Innervation: segmental post rami spinal n
  5. Supply: segmentally- intercostal, deep cervical, subcostal, lumbar
28
Q

Spinalis

A

(Thoracis and cervicis)

  1. Fxn: bilateral extension, unilateral flexion spine
  2. Prox: broad tendon iliac, sacrum, lumbar sp. process, Lower thoracic sp. process
  3. Distal: thoracic and cervical sp. process
  4. Innervation: segmental post. Rami spinal n.
  5. Supply: segmentally- deep cervical, intercostal, subcostal, lumbar
29
Q

Transversospinales

A
  1. Semispinales
  2. Multifidus
  3. Rotatores
30
Q

Semispinales

A

(Thoracis, cervicis, capitis)

  1. Fxn: bilateral extension, unilateral flexion same side, unilateral rotation opp side
  2. Prox: C4-C6 articulatory process, T7-T12 transverse processes
  3. Distal: occipital, sp. process of superior vertebrae (4-6 segments)
  4. Innervation: segmental post. Rami spinal n.
  5. Supply: segmentally - deep cervical, intercostal, subcostal, lumbar
31
Q

Multifidus

A
  1. Fxn: bilateral spine extension, unilateral flexion same side and rotate opp side
  2. Prox: sacrum, ilium, mammillary, transverse and articulatory processes
  3. Distal: C2 sp. process, sp. processes superior vertebrae (2-4 segments)
  4. Innervation: segmental post. Rami sp. n
  5. Supply: segmentally - deep cervical, intercostal, subcostal, lumbar
32
Q

Suboccipital muscles

A
  1. Obliquus capitis superior
  2. Obliquus capitis inferior
  3. Rectus capitis posterior major
  4. Rectus capitis posterior minor
33
Q

Obliquus capitis inferior

A
  1. Fxn: bitaleral extension head, unilateral rotation same side
  2. Prox: C2 sp. process
  3. Distal: C1 transverse process
  4. Innervation: suboccipital n. (Post. Rami C1)
  5. Supply: vertebral and occipital a.
34
Q

Deep segmental muscles

A
  1. Interspinales
  2. Intertansversarii
  3. Elevators costarum
35
Q

Interspinales

A

(Cervicis, Thoracis, lumborum)

  1. fxn: extend spine
  2. Prox and distal: sp. processes adjacent vertebrae C1-L5
  3. Innervation: post. Rami sp. n.
  4. Supply: segmentally - deep cervical, intercostal, subcostal, lumbar
36
Q

Intertranservsarii

A

(Cervicis, thoracis, lumborum)

  1. Fxn: bilateral stability, unilateral bending same side
  2. Prox and distal: transverse processes adjacent vertebrae C2-L5
  3. Innervation: post. And ant. Rami spinal n.
  4. Supply: segmentally - deep cervical, intercostal, subcostal, lumbar
37
Q

Levatores costarum

A

(Longus and brevis)

  1. Fxn: bilateral extension and elevates ribs, unilateral rotation flex same side, rotation
  2. Prox: C7-T11 transverse processes
  3. Distal: 2 ribs below
  4. Innervation: post. Rami sp. n.
  5. Supply: deep cervical, intercostal, subcostal, lumbar
38
Q

Rectus capitis posterior minor

A
  1. Fxn: bilateral extend head, unilateral rotate same side
  2. Prox: C1 post. Tubercle
  3. Distal: medial inferior nuchal line
  4. Innervation: suboccipital n. (Post. Rami C1)
  5. Supply: vertebral and occipital a.
39
Q

Rectus capitis posterior major

A
  1. Fxn: bilateral head extension, unilateral rotation same side
  2. Prox: C2 sp. process
  3. Distal: lateral inferior nuchal line
  4. Innervation: suboccipital (post. Rami. C1)
  5. Supply: vertebral and occipital a.
40
Q

Obliquus capitis superior

A
  1. Fxn: bilateral head extension, unilateral tilts same side and rotates opp side
  2. Prox: C1 transverse process
  3. Distal: lateral inferior nuchal line
  4. Innervation: suboccipital n. (Post. Rami C1)
  5. Supply: vertebral and occipital a.
41
Q

Rotatores

A

(Longus and brevis)

  1. Fxn: bilateral extension, unilateral flex same side and rotate opp side
  2. Prox: T1-T12 transverse processes
  3. Distal: between laminate and sp. process of superior vertebrae (1-2 segments)
  4. Innervation: segmental post. Rami spinal n.
  5. Supply: segmentally- deep cervical, intercostal, subcostal, lumbar
42
Q

Back sprains

A

Ligament injury w/o fracture or dislocation

43
Q

Back strains

A

Tendon/muscle injury w/o fracture or dislocation

1. Erector Spinae muscles

44
Q

Back spasms

A

Response to injury or inflammation

1. Sudden, involuntary contractions

45
Q

Occipital neuralgia

A

Headache w/ throbbing, electric pain

  1. Radiates from upper cervical region -> posterolateral scalp
  2. Irritation/compression of nerves

Anatomy ICOM (34 decks)

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