Cranium And Scalp Flashcards

1
Q

Viscerocranium

A

Facial skeleton derived from 1st 2 pharyngeal arches

  1. Mandible
  2. Maxilla
  3. Zygomatic
  4. Nasal
  5. Lacrimal
  6. Sphenoid - pterygoid process
  7. Temporal - tympanic part (styloid)
  8. Palatine
  9. Vomer
  10. Ethmoid and inferior nasal concha
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2
Q

Neurocranium

A

Houses brain, derived from paraxial mesoderm

  1. Frontal
  2. Temporal
  3. Occipital
  4. Parietal
  5. Sphenoid
  6. Ethmoid - cribiform plate
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3
Q

Anterior cranial fossa

A

Frontal lobe cerebrum

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4
Q

Middle cranial fossa

A

Temporal lobe cerebrum

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5
Q

Posterior cranial fossa

A
  1. Cerebellum
  2. Pons
  3. Medulla oblongata
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6
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Maxillary
  3. Sphenoidal
  4. Ethmoid air cells
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7
Q

Sagittal cranial suture

A

Along sagittal plane between parietal bones

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8
Q

Coronal cranial suture

A

Between frontal and parietal bones

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9
Q

Lamboidal cranial sutures

A

Between occipital and parietal bones

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10
Q

Metopic (frontal) cranial suture

A

Between growth centers in frontal bone

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11
Q

Squamosal cranial suture

A

Squamous part of temporal and parietal bones

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12
Q

Occipitomastoidal cranial suture

A

Between occipital and petrous part temporal bones

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13
Q

Sphenoparietal cranial suture

A

Between sphenoid and parietal bones

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14
Q

Bregma

A

Cranial landmark where sagittal and coronal sutures meet

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15
Q

Lambda

A

Cranial landmark where sagittal and lamboidal sutures meet

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16
Q

Glabella

A

Cranial landmark most anterior midline point on frontal bone

17
Q

Nasion

A

Cranial landmark where nasofrontal suture and mid-sagittal plane intersect

18
Q

Pterion

A

Cranial landmark where frontal, temporal, sphenoid, and parietal bones intersect
1. Very variable

19
Q

Inion

A

Cranial landmark: external occipital protuberance

20
Q

Asterion

A

Cranial landmark: squamosal, lamboidal, and occipitomastoidal sutures intersect

21
Q

Gonion

A

Cranial landmark: most inferior and position point at mandibular angle

22
Q

Gnathion

A

Cranial landmark: most anterior and inferior mid-line point of mandible

23
Q

Basion

A

Cranial landmark: mid point at anterior margin of foramen magnum

24
Q

Opisthion

A

Cranial landmark: mid point at posterior margin of foramen magnum

25
Q

Functional matrix hypothesis

A
  1. Cranium broken into fxnal units that house soft tissue matrix responsible for fxn
    A. Neurocranium: houses and protects brain
    B. Orbit: eye
    C. Nasopharynx: olfaction and respiration
    D. Oral cavity: process food, communication
    E. Facial buttress system: mastication, communication
  2. Cranial growth controlled by underlying soft tissue
26
Q

Viscerocranium development

A

From neural crest w/in 1st 2 pharyngeal arches
1. Arches develop week 4
2. Endochondral ossification
A. Styloid process
B. Inner ear bones
C. Hyoid
3. Intramembranous ossification: rest of viscerocranium

27
Q

Neurocranium development

A
Mixed neural crest and paraxial mesoderm
1. Grow as external layer of brain
2. Endochondral ossification: cranial base bones
3. Intramembranous ossification
  A. Parietals
  B. Frontal
  C. Superoposterior part occipital
  D. Greater wing sphenoid
  E. Squamous part temporal
28
Q

Cranial suture and Fontanelle closure

A
1. Birth: thin cranial bones w/o diploe 
  A. Connected membranous fiber joints
2. 2 mo: small fontanelles fuse
3. 18 mo: large fontanelles fuse
4. Suture fusion: 8-40 yrs
5. Suture obliteration > 50 yrs