Cranium And Scalp

Question 1

Viscerocranium

Answer 1

Facial skeleton derived from 1st 2 pharyngeal arches

1. Mandible
2. Maxilla
3. Zygomatic
4. Nasal
5. Lacrimal
6. Sphenoid - pterygoid process
7. Temporal - tympanic part (styloid)
8. Palatine
9. Vomer
10. Ethmoid and inferior nasal concha

Question 2

Neurocranium

Answer 2

Houses brain, derived from paraxial mesoderm

1. Frontal
2. Temporal
3. Occipital
4. Parietal
5. Sphenoid
6. Ethmoid - cribiform plate

Question 3

Anterior cranial fossa

Answer 3

Frontal lobe cerebrum

Question 4

Middle cranial fossa

Answer 4

Temporal lobe cerebrum

Question 5

Posterior cranial fossa

Answer 5

1. Cerebellum
2. Pons
3. Medulla oblongata

Question 6

Paranasal sinuses

Answer 6

1. Frontal
2. Maxillary
3. Sphenoidal
4. Ethmoid air cells

Question 7

Sagittal cranial suture

Answer 7

Along sagittal plane between parietal bones

Question 8

Coronal cranial suture

Answer 8

Between frontal and parietal bones

Question 9

Lamboidal cranial sutures

Answer 9

Between occipital and parietal bones

Question 10

Metopic (frontal) cranial suture

Answer 10

Between growth centers in frontal bone

Question 11

Squamosal cranial suture

Answer 11

Squamous part of temporal and parietal bones

Question 12

Occipitomastoidal cranial suture

Answer 12

Between occipital and petrous part temporal bones

Question 13

Sphenoparietal cranial suture

Answer 13

Between sphenoid and parietal bones

Question 14

Bregma

Answer 14

Cranial landmark where sagittal and coronal sutures meet

Question 15

Lambda

Answer 15

Cranial landmark where sagittal and lamboidal sutures meet

Question 16

Glabella

Answer 16

Cranial landmark most anterior midline point on frontal bone

Question 17

Nasion

Answer 17

Cranial landmark where nasofrontal suture and mid-sagittal plane intersect

Question 18

Pterion

Answer 18

Cranial landmark where frontal, temporal, sphenoid, and parietal bones intersect
1. Very variable

Question 19

Inion

Answer 19

Cranial landmark: external occipital protuberance

Question 20

Asterion

Answer 20

Cranial landmark: squamosal, lamboidal, and occipitomastoidal sutures intersect

Question 21

Gonion

Answer 21

Cranial landmark: most inferior and position point at mandibular angle

Question 22

Gnathion

Answer 22

Cranial landmark: most anterior and inferior mid-line point of mandible

Question 23

Basion

Answer 23

Cranial landmark: mid point at anterior margin of foramen magnum

Question 24

Opisthion

Answer 24

Cranial landmark: mid point at posterior margin of foramen magnum

Question 25

Functional matrix hypothesis

Answer 25

1. Cranium broken into fxnal units that house soft tissue matrix responsible for fxn
   A. Neurocranium: houses and protects brain
   B. Orbit: eye
   C. Nasopharynx: olfaction and respiration
   D. Oral cavity: process food, communication
   E. Facial buttress system: mastication, communication
2. Cranial growth controlled by underlying soft tissue

Question 26

Viscerocranium development

Answer 26

From neural crest w/in 1st 2 pharyngeal arches
1. Arches develop week 4
2. Endochondral ossification
A. Styloid process
B. Inner ear bones
C. Hyoid
3. Intramembranous ossification: rest of viscerocranium

Question 27

Neurocranium development

Answer 27

Mixed neural crest and paraxial mesoderm
1. Grow as external layer of brain
2. Endochondral ossification: cranial base bones
3. Intramembranous ossification
  A. Parietals
  B. Frontal
  C. Superoposterior part occipital
  D. Greater wing sphenoid
  E. Squamous part temporal

Question 28

Cranial suture and Fontanelle closure

Answer 28

1. Birth: thin cranial bones w/o diploe 
  A. Connected membranous fiber joints
2. 2 mo: small fontanelles fuse
3. 18 mo: large fontanelles fuse
4. Suture fusion: 8-40 yrs
5. Suture obliteration > 50 yrs