Overview Of Brain

Question 1

Telencephalon

Answer 1

1. From cranial part of forebrain

2. Cerebrum = major component

Question 2

Direction above midbrain

Answer 2

Telencephalon and diencephalon

1. Anterior = rostral
2. Posterior = caudal
3. Superior = dorsal
4. Inferior = ventral

Question 3

Directions below midbrain

Answer 3

1. Anterior = ventral
2. Posterior = dorsal
3. Superior = rostral
4. Inferior = caudal

Question 4

Layers of cerebral hemisphere

Answer 4

1. Cerebral cortex
2. Subcortical white matter
3. Basal nuclei
4. Lateral ventricle

Question 5

Cerebral cortex

Answer 5

Gray matter w/ cell bodies of neurons

1. Gyri and sulci

Question 6

Subcortical white matter

Answer 6

Myelinated n. Fibers in cerebrum

1. Corpus colllosum

Question 7

Basal nuclei

Answer 7

Groups of gray matter in the white matter of the cerebrum

Question 8

Lateral ventricle of cerebrum

Answer 8

Cavity w/in each cerebral hemisphere

1. Inferior corpus callosum
2. Produces CSF

Question 9

Lobes of cerebral hemisphere

Answer 9

Separated by sulci

1. Lateral sulcus: between temporal and frontal/parietal lobes
2. Central sulcus: separates frontal and parietal lobes
3. Parieto-occipital sulcus: separates occipital and parietal lobes

Question 10

Major functional regions of cerebrum

Answer 10

1. Primary motor cortex
2. Somatosensory cortex
3. Visual cortex
4. Auditory cortex
5. Wernicke’s area
6. Broca’s area

Question 11

Primary motor cortex

Answer 11

Initiates volitional movements

Question 12

Somatosensory cortex

Answer 12

Receives somatic sensory info from body

Question 13

Wernicke’s area

Answer 13

Association centers for communication

Question 14

Broca’s area

Answer 14

Motor control center for speech

Question 15

Diencephalon

Answer 15

Dev from caudal part of forebrain
1. Compartments
  A. Thalamus 
  B. Hypothalamus
  C. Epithalamus 
  D. Subthalamus
2. Pineal gland: from epithalamus 
3. Neuro part pituitary gland from hypothalamus
4. Mammillary bodies
5. 3rd ventricle (single)

Question 16

Cerebellum

Answer 16

Dev from cranial part of hindbrain
1. Coordinated movements and motor learning
A. Vermis
B. Cortex
C. subcortical white matter
D. 4 pairs embedded nuclei
E. 3 cerebellar peduncles: myelinated fibers transmit signals in/out cerebellum

Question 17

Brainstem

Answer 17

1. Midbrain
   A. Superior and inferior colliculi
   B. Cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius)
   C. Crus cerebri (cerebral peduncle)

Question 18

Ventricular system in the brain

Answer 18

1. Lateral ventricle (paired) -> interventricular foramen (foramen of Munro)
2. Third ventricle (single): choroid plexus = roof -> cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius)
3. Fourth ventricle: choroid plexus = roof
4. Central canal of spinal cord cont w/ ventricular system
5. Forth ventricle -> subarachnoid space via
   A. Median aperture (foramen of Magendie)
   B. Paired lateral aperture (foramina of Luschka)
6. CSF thru subarachnoid space to bathe brain/spinal cord -> arachnoid granulations -> dural venous sinuses