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Anatomy ICOM > Urinary System Dev > Flashcards

Urinary System Dev Flashcards

1
Q

Functional units of kidneys

A
  1. Nephrons
    A. Renal corpuscle = glomerulus + glomerular capsule -> filtrate
    B. Renal tubules: process filtrate
    1. Divided -> 5 regions after Bowman’s capsule (specific fxns)
  2. Collecting system -> final steps urine production
    A. Connecting tubule connects nephron and collection duct
    B. Filtrate connecting tubules -> collecting ducts -> collecting duct (modified)
    C. Several collecting ducts -> minor calyx -> major
    D. Major calyx -> renal pelvis -> ureter
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2
Q

Urogenital ridge

A

On sides of dorsal aorta

  1. Nephrogenic cord -> urinary
  2. Gonadal ridge -> reproductive
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3
Q

Kidney development

A
  1. Pronophroi
  2. Mesonephroi
  3. Metanephroi
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4
Q

Pronephroi

A

1st set of kidneys

  1. Never functional
  2. Dev needed for 2nd set to dev
  3. Originate cervical region and grow caudally
  4. Degenerate but ducts persist and used by mesonephroi
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5
Q

Mesonephroi

A

Intermediate (2nd) set of kidneys
1. Functional weeks 6-10
2. Glomeruli (10-50/kidney) + mesonephric tubules
3. Pronephroic duct -> mesonephric (wolffian) duct week 4
4. Signals from wolffian -> mesonephric tubules in thoracic and lumbar regions
A. Tubules lengthen -> S-shaped loop
1. Acquire capillaries -> glomerulus
2. Tubules -> Bowman’s capsule
3. Glomerulus + Bowman’s = renal corpuscle
4. Distal end tubule fuses mesonephric duct
5. Mesonephric duct fuses w/ cloaca
6. Mesonephric duct and tubules degenerate cranial to caudal
A. Distal ends absorbed into dev. Bladder -> trigone

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6
Q

Metanephroi

A

3rd set, permanent
1. Primordia appear week 5
2. Functional week 10
3. Urine -> amnion -> swallowed -> recycled
4. Fused metanephric duct -> ureteric bud -> collecting system
5. Metanephrogenic blastema from sacral region -> nephrons
6. Ureteric buds lengthen and grow into metanephrogenic blastema -> initiates dev
A. Collecting system
1. Renal pelvis from coalescence of 1st bifurcation
2. Major calyces from 2nd generation bifurcations
3. Minor calyces from 3rd and 4th generation bifurcations
4. Collecting ducts from 5th and all subsequent generations bifurcations-> renal pyramids
B. Nephrogenesis
1. Renal vesicles in mesenchyme after signal from ureteric bud
2. Primordial blood vessels dev
3. Renal vesicle -> renal tubule (S-shaped elongation and lumen formation)
4. Proximal end -> Bowman’s capsule surrounding dev glomerulus
5. Middle portion lengthens and becomes convoluted
6. Distal nephron fuses -> connection w/ collecting tubules
A. Pathway Bowman’s capsule -> collecting unit

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7
Q

Bladder and urethra dev from UG sinus

A
  1. Urogenital sinus from allantois and cloaca -> differentiates
    A. Vesical part
    B. Pelvic part
    C. Phallic part
  2. Epithelium bladder and urethra from endoderm
  3. Urinary trigone
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8
Q

Vesical part UG sinus

A 
1. Superior portion
  A. Initially continuous w/ allantois
  B. Allantois obliterated -> urachus
     1. Connects bladder and umbilicus 
     2. Remnant = median umbilical lig (in medial umbilical fold)
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9
Q

Pelvic part UG sinus

A
  1. Middle portion
    A. Dev -> urethra
    1. Just prostatic and membranous in males
      A. Epithelium prostatic -> prostate
      B. Cranial portion -> urethral and paraurethral glands in females
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10
Q

Phallic part UG sinus

A
  1. Inf portion
    A. Grows toward genital tuberacle
    B. Spongy urethra (males)
    C. Vestibule of vagina
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11
Q

Urinary trigone dev

A

Two ureter and urethra opening inside bladder
1. After fusing bladder portion UG sinus mesonephric ducts -> caudally
A. Ureteric bud forms connection w/ bladder
2. Mesonephric duct -> urethra portion UG sinus
A. Cells proliferate and add to bladder wall
B. Wall of trigone
1. CT and smooth m. From intermediate mesoderm
2. Doesn’t stretch when bladder fills
C. Males: mesonephric ducts -> ejaculatory ducts

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12
Q

Suprarenal gland dev

A
  1. Cortex from intermediate mesoderm and some lateral plate mesoderm
    A. 1st wave delaminating cells -> fetal suprarenal cortex
    1. Imp for maintaining pregnancy
      B. 2nd wave -> definitive cortex
    2. Surrounds fetal cortex
    3. Not fully functional until birth
      C. After birth fetal cortex regresses, definitive functional
  2. Medulla from neural crest ectoderm
    A. Post-synaptic symp n. -> chromaffin cells
    1. Lack axon and secrete epinephrine and NE into blood
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13
Q

Migration and rotation of kidneys

A 
1. Metanephric kidneys in sacral region
  A. Hilum ventral
  B. Renal a. = branches common iliac a.
2. Trunk growth -> kidney in abdominal region
  A. Rotate 90 medially
  B. New blood supply
3. Migration complete
  A. Kidneys at T12-L3 region, rt. Lower
  B. Hilum medial
  C. Renal a. Branches off aorta
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Anatomy ICOM (34 decks)

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