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Anatomy ICOM > Face, Scalp, And Ear > Flashcards

Face, Scalp, And Ear Flashcards

1
Q

Scalp layers

A
  1. Skin
  2. CT
  3. Aponeurosis
  4. Loose areolar tissue
  5. Pericranium
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2
Q

Scalp innervation

A
  1. Anterior: CN V
  2. Posterior: ant and post rami C2-C3
    A. Back of head: great occipital (post ramus C2)
    B. Back of neck: 3rd occipital (post ramus C3)
    C. Lateral scalp behind ear: lesser occipital (ant rami C2-C3 branch off cervical plexus)
    D. Anterior neck and up around ear: great auricular (ant rami C2-C3 branch off cervical plexus)
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3
Q

Scalp muscles

A

CN VII

  1. Frontalis
  2. Occipital
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4
Q

Face dermatomes

A
  1. CN V1: supratrochlear and supraorbital - above eyelids and forehead
  2. CN V2: infraorbital - between upper lip and lower eyelids
  3. CN V3: mental branch off inferior alveolar and auriculotemporal branch - “beard space” chin and up lateral margin of face
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5
Q

Sympathetic innervation of the face

A

From II -> superior cervical ganglion

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6
Q

Muscles of facial expression

A

CN VII

  1. Temporal
  2. Zygomatic
  3. Buccaneers
  4. Mandibular
  5. Cervical
  6. Post auricular
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7
Q

Mastication muscles

A

CN V3

  1. Masseter
  2. Temporalis
  3. Lat and medial ptergoids
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8
Q

Facial blood supply

A 
Branches of external carotid
1. Anterior
  A. Lingual
  B. Facial (angular, inferior, superior, labial)
2. Middle branches
  A. Maxillary
    1. Inferior alveolar
    2. Mental
    3. Buccal
    4. Superior alveolar infraorbital
    5. Deep temporal
    6. Sphenopalatine
  B. Superficial temporal
3. Posterior
  A. Occipital
  B. Posterior auricular
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9
Q

Parotid gland inneveration

A
  1. Parasympathetic from CN IX -> tympanic n. -> tympanic plexus
  2. Tympanic plexus -> lesser petrosal n. + mandibular -> otic ganglion (synapse)
  3. Post-synaptic travels via auriculotemporal branch CN V3
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10
Q

External ear structures

A
  1. Auricle
  2. Helix
  3. Concha
  4. Lobule
  5. Tragic
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11
Q

External ear innervation

A

Auricle

  1. Greater auricular and lesser occipital (C2-C3)
  2. Auriculotemporal (CN V3)
  3. Facial (CN VII)
  4. Vagus (CN X)
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12
Q

External auditory meatus

A

Tube conducts sound to tympanic membrane

  1. Ceruminous and sebaceous glands -> cerumen
  2. Tympanic membrane
  3. 4 Quadrants based on handle of malleus
  4. Triangle (cone) of light: reflection from otoscope
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13
Q

Tympanic membrane

A 
Translates sound -> middle ear
1. Skin covered externally
  A. CN X and auriculotemporal branch CN V3
2. Mucous membrane internally
  A. Tympanic branch CN IX
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14
Q

Middle ear

A
  1. Tympanic cavity
  2. Auditory ossicles
  3. Oval window
  4. Round window
  5. Muscles
  6. Pharyngotympanic tube (auditory tube)
  7. Mastoid air cells
  8. Nerves
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15
Q

Tympanic cavity

A

Mucus membrane-lined, air-filled chamber

  1. W/in petrous part temporal bone
  2. Contains auditory ossicles
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16
Q

Auditory ossicles

A 
1. Malleus: attaches tympanic membrane 
  A. Tensor tympani inserts 
2. Incus 
3. Stapes: base in oval window
  A. Stapedius m. Attaches at neck
17
Q

Oval window

A

Primary connection middle and inner ear

  1. Stapedial ligament: holds base of stapes in window
  2. Smaller than tympanic membrane => sound amplified 10x
18
Q

Round window

A

Covered by secondary tympanic membrane

  1. Opposite oval window
  2. Dissipates vibration waves sent to cochlea
19
Q

Middle ear muscles

A

Form acoustic reflex and contract in response to loud noise

  1. Tensor tympani m.
  2. Stapedius m.
20
Q

Tensor tympani m.

A
  1. Prox: pharyngotympanic tube, greater wing of sphenoid, and petrous part of temporal
  2. Distal: handle of malleus
  3. Innervation: CN V3
21
Q

Stapedius m.

A

Middle ear muscle

  1. Prox: posterior wall pyramidal eminence
  2. Distal: neck of stapes
  3. Innervation: CN VII
  4. Fxn: tilts stapes in oval window
22
Q

Pharyngotympanic tube (auditory tube)

A

Connects tympanic cavity and nasopharynx
1. Cartilage support after leaves temporal bone
2. Muscles open tube -> equalize pressure
A. Fxn: elevate and tense soft palate
B. Tensor veil palatini
C. Levator veil palatini

23
Q

Mastoid air cells

A

Open -> posterior cavity

1. Lined mucus membrane continuous w/ middle ear

24
Q

Middle ear nerves

A
  1. Tympanic plexus (CN IX): sensory and autonomic innervation
  2. Chords tympani (CN VII) passes thru
25
Q

Inner ear

A
  1. Bony labyrinth

2. Membranous labyrinth

26
Q

Bone labyrinth

A

Entire inner ear is filled w/ perilymph and membranous labyrinth
1. Surrounded by thickened cortical bone
2. Cochlea: shell-shaped part
A. Hearing
3. Vestibule
A. Utricle
B. Saccule
C. Origin semicircular canals
4. Semicircular canals: communicate w/ vestibule
A. Establish angular acceleration across 3 dimensions
5. Spiral organ: starts at vestibule and turns 2.5x around cochlea

27
Q

Membranous labyrinth

A

Series of ducts and sacs w/in bony labyrinth of inner ear

  1. Filled w/ endolymph
  2. Vestibular and cochlear components
28
Q

Chords tympani n.

A

Branch CN VII after geniculate ganglion -> between malleus and incus -> thru petrotympanic fissure -> joins lingual n.

  1. Sensory for taste
  2. Parasympathetic: sublingual and submandibular glands
29
Q

Greater petrosal n.

A

Branch of CN VII at geniculate ganglion -> pterygopalatine ganglion
1. Parasympathetic: lacrimal glands

30
Q

Facial nerve branches in the ear

A
  1. Chorda tympani n.
  2. Greater petrosal n.
  3. Nerve to stapedius m.
31
Q

Vestibulocochlear n.

A

CN VIII

  1. Vestibular branch: balance
  2. Cochlear branch: hearing
32
Q

Tympanic N.

A

Branch of glossopharyngeal -> tympanic canal -> tympanic plexus -> lesser petrosal n.
1. Parasympathetic: hiatus of less petrosal -> otic ganglion

Anatomy ICOM (34 decks)

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