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Anatomy ICOM > Eye And Orbit > Flashcards

Eye And Orbit Flashcards

1
Q

Bones of the orbit

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Maxillary
  3. Zygomatic
  4. Lacrimal
  5. Sphenoid
  6. Palatine
  7. Ethmoid
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2
Q

Orbital openings

A
  1. Optic canal
  2. Superior orbital fissure
  3. Inferior orbital fissure
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3
Q

Trigeminal n. In the orbit

A
  1. Ophthalmic branches (V1): sensory to orbit
  2. Maxillary (V2): carry parasympathetic from CN VII -> lacrimal gland
    A. Sympathetic: pre-synaptic (T1) -> superior cervical ganglion - synapse -> internal carotid plexus (V1) -> eye
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4
Q

Fontal n.

A

Branch off ophthalmic (V1)

1. Supraorbital and supratroclear -> sensory to skin of forehead

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5
Q

Lacrimal n.

A

Branch of ophthalmic (V1)

  1. Parasympathetic travel w/ lacrimal n. From communicating zygomatic branch (V2)
  2. Sensory to lacrimal and upper eyelid/tarsal plate
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6
Q

Nasociliary n.

A
  1. Long and cohort ciliary branches carry sympathetic and somatic afferent -> eye
  2. Short ciliary parasympathetic from ciliary ganglion and some somatic afferent -> eye
  3. Anterior and posterior ethmoid branches: parasympathetic (from CN VII) and sensory -> mucosa nasal cavity, sphenoid sinus, ethmoid air cells
  4. Infratrochlear branch: sensory -> external nose
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7
Q

Extrinsic eye muscles

A
  1. Superior rectus (CN III)
  2. Inferior rectus (CN III)
  3. Medial rectus (CN III)
  4. Lateral rectus (CN VI)
  5. Superior oblique (CN IV)
  6. Inferior oblique (CN III)
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8
Q

Superior rectus m.

A
  1. Prox: common tendinous ring
  2. Distal: top of tee
  3. Innervation: CN III
  4. Fxn: primary elevation, adduction, medial rotation
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9
Q

Inferior rectus m.

A
  1. Prox: common tendinous ring
  2. Distal: bottom of eye
  3. Innervation: CN III
  4. Fxn: primary depression, adduction, lateral rotation
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10
Q

Medial rectus m.

A
  1. Prox: common tendinous ring
  2. Distal: medial aspect of eye
  3. Innervation: CN III
  4. Fxn: adduction
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11
Q

Lateral rectus m.

A
  1. Prox: common tendinous ring
  2. Distal: lateral aspect of eye
  3. Innervation: CN VI
  4. Fxn: abduction
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12
Q

Superior oblique m.

A
  1. Prox: common tendinous ring
  2. Distal: wraps around trochlea -> lateral posterior aspect of eye
  3. Innervation: CN IV
  4. Fxn: depression, abduction, medial rotation (down and out)
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13
Q

Inferior oblique m.

A
  1. Prox: anterior/medial/inferior aspect of orbit
  2. Distal: lateral posterior aspect of eye
  3. Innervation: CN III
  4. Fxn: elevation, abduction, lateral rotation (up and out)
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14
Q

H test

A

Active eye muscle test

  1. Pt abducts then elevates and depresses eyes
  2. Pt adducts then elevates and depresses
  3. Add/abd tests medial/lateral rectus
  4. Add + elevation = inferior oblique
  5. Add + depression = superior oblique
  6. Superior/inferior rectus m. Useless in adduction
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15
Q

Eyelids

A

Skin covering superior and inferior tarsal plates w/ palpabrae conjunctiva underneath
1. Fxn:
A. Close eye: orbicularis oculi (CN VII)
B. Open eye: levator palpabrae superioris (CN III) and superior tarsal (symp from T1)
2. Tarsal (Meibomian) glands

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16
Q

Tarsal (Meibomian) glands

A

Line internal tarsal plates -> meibum

1. Meibum: prevents tear evaporation and protects eyes

17
Q

Sclera

A

Opaque, white part of of eye where extrinsic m. Attach

18
Q

Cornea

A

Transparent layer covering lens

19
Q

Choroid

A

Vascular layer between sclera and retina

20
Q

Iris

A

Contractile diaphragm of surface of the lens
1. Layers
A. Stroma: fibrous and vascular
B. Pigmented
2. Sphincter pupillae: constricts pupil
A. Parasympathetic CN III via short ciliary n.
3. Dilator pupillae: opens pupil
A. Sympathetic from long and short ciliary n.

21
Q

Ciliary m. And body

A
  1. Vascular -> aqueous humor
  2. Muscular: series of smooth circular m. Attached to lens thru zonules (suspensory lig)
  3. Accommodation: dec tension of zonules when muscles contract -> lens rounder (thicker) - focus on closer objects
  4. Innervation: parasympathetic from CN III via short ciliary n.
22
Q

Retina

A

Sensory nervous layer of the eye
1. Optic part: pigmented outer layer and light receptor layer
2. Ciliary part: covers ciliary body, pigmented outer layer
3. Iridial part: covers iris, both layers pigmented
4. Optic disk: “blind spot” where optic n. Enters
5. Macular: “yellow spot” area of cones (color)
A. Fovae centralis: area of most acute vision in center

23
Q

Anterior and posterior aqueous chambers of the eye

A

Supply lens and cornea w/ nutrients
1. Ciliary body -> aqueous humor in posterior chamber -> anterior chamber -> recycled into venous system via canal of achlemm

24
Q

Vitreous body of the eye

A

Posterior to lens and anterior chamber

  1. Provides constant pressure and space for proper focal distance
  2. Filled w/ vitreous humor
25
Q

Ophthalmic a.

A

Blood supply to the eye
Branches:
1. central retinal a.: pierces optic n. And supplies retinal n. (Expect rods and cones)
2. Long and short posterior ciliary a. -> choroid capillary plexus -> rods and cones
3. Lacrimal a. -> lacrimal glands
4. Branches exited orbit -> face/nasal cavity
A. Supraorbital
B. Supratrochlear
C. Dorsal nasal
D. Anterior/posterior ethmoid

26
Q

Lacrimal apparatus

A
  1. Inflow: lacrimal gland -> ducts -> eye
  2. Outflow: across eye medially -> lacrimal canaliculi -> lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct -> nasopharynx under inferior nasal concha
  3. Parasympathetic stimulation of lacrimal gland from pterygopalatine (CN VII) -> zygomatic (CN V2) -> lacrimal branch of frontal (V2) via zygomaticcommunicating n.
  4. Sympathetic dec secretion

Anatomy ICOM (34 decks)

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