Pharynx And Larynx Flashcards
CN IX fxn in pharynx/larynx
- Motor stylopharyngeus m.
- Sensory pharyngeal plexus
A. Pharynx
B. Tonsils
C. Posterior 1/3 tongue (and teste)
CN X fxn in the pharynx/larynx
1. Motor pharyngeal plexus A. Soft palate m. B. Pharyngeal constrictors C. Laryngeal muscles 2. Sensory A. Larynx B. Epiglottis
CN V3 fxn in pharynx/larynx
Tense soft palate
Blood supply to the thyroid
- Common carotid -> superior thyroid a.
2. Thyrocervical trunk -> inferior thyroid
Venous drainage of thyroid
Superior, middle, and inferior thyroid v. -> internal jugular
Innervation of thyroid
Controlled hormonally
- Sympathetic: from superior cervical ganglia and some middle and inferior cervical ganglia -> vasomotor
- Parasympathetic: from laryngeal branch of vagus = minor role
Tonsils
Lymphatic tissue
- Protect airways
- Palatine tonsil
- Pharyngeal tonsil
- Lingual tonsil
Nasopharynx
Muscles all help open auditory tube
- Tensor veli palatini (CN V3)
- Levator veli palatini (CN X)
- Salpingopharyngeus (CN X)
- Superior pharyngeal constrictor
- Palatopharyngeus (CN X)
Oropharynx
Between soft palate and epiglottis
1. Uvula: off palatopharyngeus (CN X)
A. Separates nasopharynx and oropharynx
B. Gag reflex
1. Sensory CN IX
C. Voice intonations
2. Palatoglossus arch and muscle and palatopharyngeus arch and muscle off uvula
A. Elevate pharynx in swallowing
B. Depress soft palate in normal breathing and suckling
C. Tonsils between arches
Laryngopharynx
Behind epiglottis
Pharyngeal muscles
- Superior constrictor
- Middle constrictor: off hyoid
- Inferior constrictor: off laryngeal arches
Deglutition
Swallowing
1. Tongue against hard palate
2. Tensor and levator veli palatini, palatopharyngeus, and superior constrictor -> lift soft palate and pharynx
A. Prevent food from going up
3. Entire pharynx moves up
4. Tongue pushes food back and down -> over epiglottis (pushing it down)
5. Pts w/o epiglottis still able to swallow because muscles and false vocal cords still cover trachea and guide food
Larynx innervation
Branches of CN X 1. Superior laryngeal n. A. Internal: sensory above false vocal cords B. External: motor cricothyroid m. 2. Recurrent laryngeal n. A. Sensory: below true vocal cords B. Motor: all other m. Of larynx 3. Ventricle (variable): area between false and true vocal cords innervate by both
Laryngeal cartilages
- Epiglottis
- Thyroid cartilage (adam’s apple)
- Cricoid cartilage
- Arytenoid cartilage
Thyroid cartilage
Adam’s apple
1. Support for epiglottis and vocal apparatus thru attachments cricoid and arytenoid cartilages
Cricoid cartilage
Signet ring shaped cartilage below thyroid
- Only one that forms complete ring
- Maintains potency of airway
Arytenoid cartilage
Acts as lever that allows for vocal cord movement
Laryngeal membranes
- Quadrangular: covers thyroarytenoid m.
A. Forms tube shape upper trachea - Cricothyroid: forms over true vocal lig -> true vocal fold
Laryngeal openings
- Ventricle: space between false and true vocal folds
A. Very big in mammals w/ loud calls - Rima glottis: opening between true vocal cords
Laryngeal joints
Synovial
1. Cricothyroid: between cricoid and thyroid cartilages
A. Anterior movement thyroid cartilage -> higher pitch
2. Cricoarytenoid: pivot joint between cricoid and arytenoid cartilages
A. Loosen/tighten and adduct/abduct vocal cords as rotate
Laryngeal muscles
- Posterior cricoarytenoid
- Lateral cricoarytenoid
- Cricothyroid
- Thyroarytenoid
Posterior cricoarytenoid m.
Abduct vocal cords by rotating them outward
Lateral cricoarytenoid m.
Adduct vocal cords
Cricothyroid m.
Tenses and adducts vocal cords by acting on cricothyroid jt
Thyroarytenoid m.
Relax vocal cords -> lower pitch