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Anatomy > Vertebral column > Flashcards

Vertebral column Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main functions of the vertebral column?

A

Protection
Support
Axis
Movement

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2
Q

What does each vertebrae have?

A

A vertebral body and a vertebral arch

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3
Q

What is the vertebral body?

A

The anterior section of the vertebrae. It is weight bearing.

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4
Q

What happens to the vertebrae as you go down the vertebral column?

A

They increase in size

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5
Q

What lines the vertebral body?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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6
Q

What can the vertebral body be used to diagnose?

A

Osteoporosis

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7
Q

What separates each vertebral body?

A

A fibrocartilaginous intervertebral disc

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8
Q

What is the function of the intervertebral discs?

A

Flexibility of the spine

Shock absorber

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9
Q

What are the two regions of the vertebral disc?

A

Nucleus pulposus

Annulus fibrosus

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10
Q

What is the structure of the Annulus fibrosus?

A

Tough and collagenous. It surrounds the Nucleus pulposus

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11
Q

What is the structure of the Nuclus pulpsus?

A

Jelly like and posterior

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12
Q

What is a slipped disc?

A

Herniation of the intervetebral disc

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13
Q

What happens in herniation of the intervertebral disc?

A

The nucleus pulposus ruptures and breaks through the outer layer.

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14
Q

In what direction does herniation of a intervertebral disc occur?

A

Posterior and lateral direction

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15
Q

Why is there pain and symptoms when an intervertebral disc herniates?

A

Because of the direction it herniates in, there is pressure put on the spinal cord.

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16
Q

Where is the vertebral arch?

A

Lateral and posterior

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17
Q

What is the hole that a vertebral arch forms called?

A

Vertebral foramen

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18
Q

How is the vertebral canal formed?

A

All the vertebral foramen line up

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19
Q

What is in the vertebral canal?

A

The spinal cord

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20
Q

Where are Pedicles?

A

On the left and right of the vertebral arches

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21
Q

What are Lamina?

A

The bone between the transverse and spinal processes

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22
Q

Where are the Transverse processes?

A

Lateral and posterior to the Pedicles

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23
Q

Where are the Articular processes?

A

They are superior and inferior at the junctions of the Lamina and Pedicles

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24
Q

What are the Spinous processes?

A

A posterior and inferior projection of bone

25
Q

How many Cervical vertebrae are there?

A

Seven

26
Q

What are the 3 main distinguishing features of a Cervical vertebrae?

A

Bifid spinous process
Foramen transversarium
Vertebral foramen is trangular

27
Q

What is C1 called?

A

The Atlas

28
Q

What is C2 called?

A

The Axis

29
Q

What is special about C7’s spinous process?

A

It is longer and doesn’t bifurcate

30
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

Twelve

31
Q

What is the main function of the thoracic vertebrae?

A

To articulate with the ribs

32
Q

What does each thoracic vertebrae have?

A

2 Demi facets on each side of the ventral body

33
Q

What do Demi facets do?

A

Articulate with the respective rib and the one inferior to it

34
Q

Where is the Costal facet?

A

On the transverse process of the thoracic vertebrae

35
Q

What is the function of the Costal facet?

A

Articulation with its respective rib.

36
Q

Where is the spinous process?

A

Inferior and anterior

37
Q

What is the function of the spinous process?

A

Extra protection to the spinal cord.

38
Q

What shape is the Thoracic vertebral foramen?

A

Circular

39
Q

How many Lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

Five

40
Q

What is the largest of all the vertebrae?

A

The lumbar vertebrae

41
Q

What shape are the ventral bodies of the Lumbar vertebrae?

A

Kidney shaped and very large

42
Q

What is the shape of the Lumbar vertebral foramen?

A

Triangular

43
Q

What is the Sacrum?

A

Five fused vertebrae

44
Q

What does the Coccyx lack?

A

Vertebral arches

45
Q

What type of joint is the vertebral body joint?

A

Cartilaginous - Designed for weight bearing

46
Q

What ligaments strengthen the vertebral body joints?

A

Anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments

47
Q

What does the anterior longitudinal ligament prevent?

A

It is thick and prevents hyperextentsion of the vertebral column

48
Q

What does the posterior longitudinal ligament prevent?

A

Weaker than anterior, but prevents hyperflexion

49
Q

What are the joints between the articular facets called?

A

Facet joints

50
Q

What do facet joints allow?

A

Gliding of the vertebrae over one another

51
Q

What ligaments strengthen the facet joints?

A

Ligamentum flava
Infraspinous and Supraspinous
Intertransverse ligaments

52
Q

What is Kyphosis?

A

Excessive thoracic curvature

53
Q

What does Kyphosis look like?

A

A hunchback deformity

54
Q

What is Lordosis?

A

Excessive Lumbar curvature

55
Q

What does Lordosis look like?

A

A swayback deformity

56
Q

What is Scoliosis?

A

A lateral curvature of the spine, unknown causes

57
Q

What is Cervical Spondylosis?

A

A decrease in the size of the intervertebral foramina, due to degeneration of the joints of the spine.

58
Q

What are the symptoms of cervical spondylosis?

A

There is pain due to pressure on the nerves

Anatomy (45 decks)

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