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Anatomy > Knee joint > Flashcards

Knee joint Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the knee joint?

A

A hinge type synovial joint

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2
Q

What movements of the leg does the knee joint allow?

A

Flexion
Extension
(Some) Medial and lateral rotation

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3
Q

What articulates in the knee joint?

A

Patella
Femur
Tibia

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4
Q

What are the two articulations of the knee joint?

A

Medial and lateral condyles of the femur articulating with the tibia
Anterior, distal portion of the femur articulating with the patella.

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5
Q

What lines the knee joint?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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6
Q

Where is the Patella?

A

Inside the tendon of the Quadriceps femoris

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7
Q

What does the Patella do?

A

Minimises wear and tear of the tendon

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8
Q

What is the function of the Menisci of the knee joint?

A

Shock absorbers

Increases stability by deepening the articulating surface of the tibia

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9
Q

Where are the Menisci attached?

A

One on each Intercondylar area of the Tibia

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10
Q

What else is the medial Meniscus attached to?

A

Tibial collateral ligament and joint capsule and joint capsule

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11
Q

Is the lateral Meniscus attached to anything else?

A

No. It is smaller than the medial Meniscus and is mobile.

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12
Q

What are the 3 bursae in the knee joint?

A

Suprapatella
Prepatella
Infrapatella

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13
Q

What are the 3 main groups of ligaments in the knee?

A

Patellar ligament
Collateral ligaments
Cruciate ligaments

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14
Q

What are the Collateral ligaments?

A

Tibial collateral ligament (medial)

Fibular collateral ligament (lateral)

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15
Q

What are the Cruciate ligaments

A

Anterior cruciate ligament

Posterior cruciate ligament

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16
Q

What are the common conditions effecting the knee joint?

A

Injuries to the Collateral ligaments
Injuries to the Cruciate ligaments
Inflammation of the Bursae

17
Q

What can cause damage to the Collateral ligaments?

A

Force being applied to the side of the knee when the foot is on the ground.

18
Q

How can you test for Collateral ligament damage?

A

Ask the patient to rotate their leg; Pain on medial rotation means damage to the medial Collateral ligament. Pain on lateral rotation means damage to the lateral Collateral ligament

19
Q

What can cause damage to the anterior Cruciate ligament?

A

Large force applied to the back of the knee when it is partially flexed.

20
Q

How can you test for anterior Cruciate ligament damage?

A

Attempt to pull the tibia forwards, if it moves the ligament has been torn (Anterior drawer test)

21
Q

How can you damage the posterior Cruciate ligament?

A

Hyperextension of the joint

22
Q

How can you test for posterior Cruciate ligament damage?

A

Push the tibia in the posterior direction, if it moves the ligament has been damaged

23
Q

What is housemaid’s knee?

A

Swelling on the anterior side of the knee from an inflammed prepatella bursae.

24
Q

What is Clergyman’s knee?

A

Infrapatella bursae becomes inflammed.

Anatomy (45 decks)

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