Hip joint

Question 1

What type of joint is the hip joint?

Answer 1

A ball and socket synovial joint

Question 2

What are the articulating surfaces in the hip joint?

Answer 2

The head of the femur and acetabulum of the pelvis

Question 3

What are the stabilising ligaments of the hip joint?

Answer 3

The head of femur ligament
The pubofemoral ligament
The iliofemoral ligament
The ischiofemoral ligament

Question 4

How does the acetabulum increase hip joint stability?

Answer 4

It is very deep

It has a fibrocartilaginous collar around it to increase stability.

Question 5

What movements can the hip joint do?

Answer 5

Flexion
Extension
Medial rotation
Lateral rotation
Abduction
Adduction

Question 6

What movements of the hip joint is restricted?

Answer 6

Extension.

Question 7

What muscles aid flexion of the hip joint?

Answer 7

Iliosoas
Rectus femoris
Sartorius

Question 8

What muscles aid extension of the hip joint?

Answer 8

Gluteus maximus
Biceps femoris
semimembranous
semitendinosus

Question 9

What muscles aid abduction of the hip joint?

Answer 9

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Deep gluteals.

Question 10

What muscles aid adduction of the hip joint?

Answer 10

Adductors longus, brevis and magnus
Pectineus
Gracillis

Question 11

What muscles aid medial rotation of the hip joint?

Answer 11

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Semitendinosus
Semimembranous

Question 12

What muscles aid lateral rotation of the hip joint?

Answer 12

Biceps femoris
Gluteus maximus
Deep gluteals

Question 13

What are the main arteries that supply the hip joint?

Answer 13

The medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries

Question 14

What is Hilton’s law?

Answer 14

That the nerves extending directly across and acting on a given joint also innervate it

Question 15

What nerves innovate the hip joint?

Answer 15

Femoral nerve
Superior gluteal nerve
Obturator nerve
Nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 16

What is the main cause of a hip fracture in under 40s?

Answer 16

High energy trauma on an extended lower limb

Question 17

What are the main causes of a hip fracture in over 40s?

Answer 17

Falling

Question 18

What is the main risk of a hip fracture?

Answer 18

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head and neck

Question 19

What are the 2 types of dislocation of the femoral head?

Answer 19

Aquired

Congenital

Question 20

What can cause congenital dislocation of the femoral head?

Answer 20

During development the femoral head is not placed into the acetabulum
More likely in girls

Question 21

What are the symptoms of congenital dislocation of the femoral head?

Answer 21

Inability to adbuct the effected joint
Affected limb is shorter
Positive Trendelenburg’s sign

Question 22

When can aquired dislocations of the hip joint occur?

Answer 22

Traumatic incidents

Question 23

What are the 2 types of aquired hip joint dislocations?

Answer 23

Posterior - Most common as capsule weakest posteriorly

Anterior

Question 24

How could a posterior aquired dislocation of the hip joint present itself?

Answer 24

The affected limb would be shortened and medially rotated.

May be paralysis of the muscles distal to the knee as the sciatic nerve may be damaged.

Question 25

What can cause anterior aquired dislocations of the hip joint?

Answer 25

Extension, abduction and lateral rotation of the joint.

Question 26

What happens to the joint in an anterior aquired dislocation?

Answer 26

The femoral head ends up inferior to the acetabulum and will often pull the acetabulum labrum with it.