Hip joint Flashcards
What type of joint is the hip joint?
A ball and socket synovial joint
What are the articulating surfaces in the hip joint?
The head of the femur and acetabulum of the pelvis
What are the stabilising ligaments of the hip joint?
The head of femur ligament
The pubofemoral ligament
The iliofemoral ligament
The ischiofemoral ligament
How does the acetabulum increase hip joint stability?
It is very deep
It has a fibrocartilaginous collar around it to increase stability.
What movements can the hip joint do?
Flexion Extension Medial rotation Lateral rotation Abduction Adduction
What movements of the hip joint is restricted?
Extension.
What muscles aid flexion of the hip joint?
Iliosoas
Rectus femoris
Sartorius
What muscles aid extension of the hip joint?
Gluteus maximus
Biceps femoris
semimembranous
semitendinosus
What muscles aid abduction of the hip joint?
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Deep gluteals.
What muscles aid adduction of the hip joint?
Adductors longus, brevis and magnus
Pectineus
Gracillis
What muscles aid medial rotation of the hip joint?
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Semitendinosus
Semimembranous
What muscles aid lateral rotation of the hip joint?
Biceps femoris
Gluteus maximus
Deep gluteals
What are the main arteries that supply the hip joint?
The medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries
What is Hilton’s law?
That the nerves extending directly across and acting on a given joint also innervate it
What nerves innovate the hip joint?
Femoral nerve
Superior gluteal nerve
Obturator nerve
Nerve to quadratus femoris
What is the main cause of a hip fracture in under 40s?
High energy trauma on an extended lower limb
What are the main causes of a hip fracture in over 40s?
Falling
What is the main risk of a hip fracture?
Avascular necrosis of the femoral head and neck
What are the 2 types of dislocation of the femoral head?
Aquired
Congenital
What can cause congenital dislocation of the femoral head?
During development the femoral head is not placed into the acetabulum
More likely in girls
What are the symptoms of congenital dislocation of the femoral head?
Inability to adbuct the effected joint
Affected limb is shorter
Positive Trendelenburg’s sign
When can aquired dislocations of the hip joint occur?
Traumatic incidents
What are the 2 types of aquired hip joint dislocations?
Posterior - Most common as capsule weakest posteriorly
Anterior
How could a posterior aquired dislocation of the hip joint present itself?
The affected limb would be shortened and medially rotated.
May be paralysis of the muscles distal to the knee as the sciatic nerve may be damaged.
What can cause anterior aquired dislocations of the hip joint?
Extension, abduction and lateral rotation of the joint.
What happens to the joint in an anterior aquired dislocation?
The femoral head ends up inferior to the acetabulum and will often pull the acetabulum labrum with it.
