Ventilation and Breathing Pattern

Question 1

refers to any increase in ventilation

Answer 1

hyperpnea

Question 2

refers to any decrease in ventilation

Answer 2

hypopnea

Question 3

what is hyperventilation

Answer 3

increase in ventilation out of proportion to any increase in metabolic

Question 4

hyperventilation results in – arterial PCO2

Answer 4

low

Question 5

what is hypoventilation

Answer 5

decrease in ventilation out of proportion to any decrease in metabolic

Question 6

hypoventilation results in – arterial PCO2

Answer 6

high

Question 7

what is apnea

Answer 7

cessation of breathing

Question 8

refers to rapid (often shallow) breathing

Answer 8

tachypnea

Question 9

refers to slow breathing

Answer 9

bradypnea

Question 10

respiratory exchange ratio is typically –

Answer 10

0.8

Question 11

R depends on –

Answer 11

diet

Question 12

equation for R =

Answer 12

VCO2 (eliminated) / VO`2 (extracted)

Question 13

normal resting VCO2

Answer 13

0.20 L/min

Question 14

normal resting VO2

Answer 14

0.25 L/min

Question 15

where doe the nonmetabolic increase in CO2 come from?

Answer 15

buffering hydrogen ions from lactic acid production

Question 16

maximal exercise –> VO2

Answer 16

16x

Question 17

maximal exercise –> VCO2

Answer 17

28x

Question 18

maximal exercise –> R

Answer 18

1.2 L/min

Question 19

under constant temp,

Answer 19

volume varies inversely with P

Question 20

volume varies inversely with P

Answer 20

Boyle’s law

Question 21

under constant pressure,

Answer 21

volume varies directly with temp

Question 22

volume varies directly with temp

Answer 22

Charles’s law

Question 23

universal gas law

Answer 23

PV = nRT

Question 24

molecular volume of all perfect gases

Answer 24

22.4 L

Question 25

N2 %

Answer 25

79%

Question 26

O2 %

Answer 26

21%

Question 27

CO2 %

Answer 27

0.039%

Question 28

argon is typically included in --

Answer 28

%N2

Question 29

argon%

Answer 29

0.93%

Question 30

Dalton's Law

Answer 30

partial pressure of a gas = total pressure in that space x gas fraction

Question 31

How can you calculate how much gas dissolves in a solution?

Answer 31

Henry's law

Question 32

Henry's law

Answer 32

``` Cx = Px * K concentration = partial pressure * constant ```

Question 33

what is alveolar dead space?

Answer 33

alveoli is ventilated but not perfused

Question 34

Fraction of CO2 in alveolar is higher than fraction of exhaled CO2

Answer 34

a lot of dead space

Question 35

more dead space indicates more --

Answer 35

mixing of air that doesn't get exchange