Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Systems 1 Part 2 > Renal Pathology II > Flashcards

Renal Pathology II Flashcards

1
Q

vascular resistance controlled in –

A

arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

factors that influence bp

A

blood volume, vascular resistant e, cardiac output, sodium content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T/F: renal disease can cause HTN and may be a cause of HTN

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

95% of HTN is –

A

primary, essential, idiopathic, benign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

5% of HTN has - cause

A

renal or adrenal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

mechanism of secondary HTN

A

renal artery stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

renal artery stenosis: – blood flow

A

decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

renal artery stenosis has decreased blood flow –> pressure in afferent arteriole

A

decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

renal artery stenosis induces

A

renin secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

renal artery stenosis increases –

A

sodium reabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

HTN accelerates – in large and medium vessels

A

atherogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

HTN causes degenerative changes in –

A

medium vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is small vessel HTN disease distinct from large vessel disease

A

arteriolar nephrosclerosis (expanded intima)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

feature of arteriolar nephrosclerosis (in small vessel disease)

A

intimal hyalinosis (hyaline accumulates in tissues)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

arteriolar nephrosclerosis causes –

A

loss of glomeruli through ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ischemia activates –

A

renin secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T/F: glomerular loss results in loss of entire nephron

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how are nephrons replaced?

A

by small areas of scarring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

gross presentation of the result of small foci of scarring in benign nephrosclerosis

A

granular cortical surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

advanced renal disease is associated with people with chronic –

A

diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

clinical syndromes of diabetes

A

non-nephrotic proteinuria (not as high as nephrotic 3.5 g), nephrotic syndrome, chronic renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

HTN in diabetics increase the chance of –

A

diabetic nephropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what reduces diabetics’ risk for developing advanced renal disease?

A

better glycemic control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

features of diabetic nephropathy

A

glomerular lesions
tubular lesions
vascular lesions
pyelonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

glomerular lesions in diabetics: thickened –

A

capillary loop BM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

glomerular lesions in diabetics: diffuse –

A

mesangial sclerosis/expansion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

glomerular lesions in diabetics: – glomerular sclerosis

A

nodular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

nodular glomerular sclerosis aka

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what can reverse some changes of diabetic nephropathy?

A

pancreatic transplant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

T/F: diabetes can affect all areas of kidney

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is the classic glomerular lesion?

A

nodular glomerular sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

types of tubulointerstitial disease

A

acute tubular necrosis
tubulointerstitial nephrisits
obstruction (hydronephrosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) clinicopathologic entity is characterized by –

A

tubular cell injury and

acute loss of renal function

34
Q

Is acute tubular necrosis reversible?

A

yes

35
Q

causes of acute tubular necrosis

A

ischemia, toxic injury, obstruction

36
Q

T/F: ATN histology ranges from mild and subtle cellular alterations to extensive necrosis with tubular rupture

A

true

37
Q

ATN histology

A 
skip areas
sloughing of necrotic cells
mitoses
loss of brush border
vacuolization 
thin/dilated epithelial cells
38
Q

what causes interstitial nephritis?

A

drugs and toxins

39
Q

most interstitial nephritis result from an interstitial –

A

immunologic hypersensitivity reaction

40
Q

interstitial nephritis may result from a –

A

subtle cumulative injury

41
Q

most common association with interstitial nephritis

A

drug induced (synthetic penicillins, sulfonamides, rifampin, thiazide diuretics, NSAIDs, herbs)

42
Q

what causes acute pyelonephritis?

A

bacterial infection

43
Q

what is acute pyelonephritis?

A

purulent inflammation in kidney

44
Q

what are most acute pyelonephritis associated with?

A

UTI (ascending pyelonephritis)

45
Q

acute pyelonephritis prevalence

A

women

46
Q

how does acute pyelonephritis spread?

A

in blood

47
Q

– % of UTI are complicated boy pyelonephritis

A

small

48
Q

risk for ascending pyelonephritis from UTI is associated with –

A

repeat UTIs, instrumentation, anatomic anomalies

49
Q

most common organism that causes ascending pyelonephritis

A

E. coli

50
Q

other organisms other than E. coli that cause ascending pyelonephritis

A

Proteus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Klebsiella

51
Q

histologic feature of acute pyelonephritis

A

neutrophils in tubular lumens

52
Q

obstruction increases susceptibility to –

A

infection

53
Q

if obstruction is unrelieved –>

A

hydronephrosis (obstructive uropathy)

54
Q

how does glomerular loss cause scarring of tubules

A

tubular ischemia, inflammation, severe proteinuria

55
Q

– supplies blood to tubules therefore glomerular scarring results in tubular ischemia

A

efferent arteriole

56
Q

many glomerular disease are accompanied by acute and chronic – which promotes scarring

A

interstitial inflammation

57
Q

severe proteinuria derived from glomerular injury causes damage to –

A

tubular epithelial cells

58
Q

bladder is lined by –

A

urothelium with muscular wall

59
Q

most common diseases of bladder

A

cystitis, stones, tumors

60
Q

triad for cystitis (bladder disease)

A

frequency, lower abdominal pain and dysuria

61
Q

dysuria

A

pain or burning during urination

62
Q

prevalence of cystitis (bladder disease)

A

young women of reproductive age and older people

63
Q

what causes cystitis (bladder disease)

A

obstruction or instrumentation

64
Q

cystitis (bladder disease) may lead to –

A

pyelonephritis

65
Q

bacteria that cause cystitis (bladder disease)

A

E. coli, Proteus, Enterobacter, Klebsiella

66
Q

bacteria that cause cystitis (bladder disease) in immunocompromised patients

A

Candida or Cryptococcus

67
Q

noninfectious causes of cystitis (bladder disease)

A

chemotherapy, radiation therapy, trauma

68
Q

histologi feature of cystitis (bladder disease)

A

WBC in bladder wall

69
Q

most common bladder tumor

A

urothelial carcinoma

70
Q

prevalence of urothelial carcinoma

A

men 3x

71
Q

risk factors of urothelial carcinoma

A

cigarette smokings
chemicals: occupational disease Arylamines
Schistomsoma
drugs

72
Q

drugs that are risk factors for urothelial carcinoma

A

cyclophosphamide and phenacetin

73
Q

urothelial carcinoma: tumor –

A

occludes bladder lumen

74
Q

urothelial carcinoma: tumor is composed of –

A

irregular papillary structures

75
Q

initial symptoms of urothelial carcinoma

A

painless hematuria, infection, obstruction near ureteral orifices

76
Q

70% of urothelial carcinoma tumors are localized to –

A

bladder

77
Q

urothelial carcinoma: tumors tend to recur at–

A

higher grade and different side

78
Q

prognosis of urothelial carcinoma

A

good for low grade lesions

79
Q

protective for urothelial carcinoma

A

drink lots of water

80
Q

tubulointersitial injury may be secondary to –

A

ischemia, immunologic mech, infectious agents

81
Q

anatomic abnormaliteit can results in – which lead to renal scarring

A

urinary outflow obstruction or reflux of urine back to kidney

Systems 1 Part 2 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions