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Systems 1 Part 2 > Respiratory Drugs > Flashcards

Respiratory Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

hypoxia due to CO poisoning

A

postpulmonary

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2
Q

hypoxia due to inadequate blood oxygenation

A

pulmonary

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3
Q

hypoxia due to airway obstruction or low respiratory drive

A

prepulmonary

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4
Q

burn victims may have – hypoxia

A

prepulmonary, pulmonary, and postpulmonary

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5
Q

what body area is most vulnerable to hypoxia?

A

CNS

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6
Q

why is high concentrations of O2 toxic?

A

reactive oxygen species

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7
Q

effect of >15 hrs of long-term oxygen therapy on COPD

A

increase life expectancy

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8
Q

gauze-wrapped ampules of reflex stimulant (crush under patient’s nose).

A

aromatic ammonia spirit (smelling salts)

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9
Q

administration of doxapram

A

IV

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10
Q

doxapram selectively stimulates – (medulla + carotid chemoreceptors) at low doses

A

respiration

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11
Q

doxapram selectively stimulates – at high doses

A

convulsant

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12
Q

excessive irritability of the respiratory tree

A

asthma

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13
Q

asthma is – airway obstruction

A

reversible

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14
Q

examples of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A

adult asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis,

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15
Q

what causes airway obstruction in chronic bronchitis

A

thick mucus secretions and chronic inflammation

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16
Q

over inflation and destruction of alveoli (decreased SA for oxygen exchange)

A

emphysema

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17
Q

treatment for emphysema

A

palliative; asthma medication and O2 therapy

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18
Q

three factors that contribute to the inflammation seen in asthma

A

inducers, airway hyperresponsiveness, triggers

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19
Q

allergens, chemical sensitizer, air pollutants are – for asthma

A

inducers

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20
Q

allergens, exercise, cold air, visiting the dentist are – for asthma

A

triggers

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21
Q

symptoms of asthma

A

cough, wheeze, dyspnea

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22
Q

early phase response to inhaled allergen

A

bronchoconstriction

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23
Q

late phase response to inhaled allergen

A

edema, secretions, inflammation

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24
Q

airway resistance is – of the bronchiolar radius

A

inversely proportional to the 4th power

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25
Q

epithelial shedding may expose sensory nerve endings –>

A

neuropetptide release, plasma extravasation and other inflammatory reponses

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26
Q

examples of beta adrenergic agonists

A

albuterol/Proventil

salmeterol, pirbuterol

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27
Q

function of beta adrenergic agonists

A

stimulates symp airway SM relaxation

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28
Q

forms of beta adrenergic agonists

A

metered dose inhaler (MDI), nebulizer, oral tablets

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29
Q

onset of beta adrenergic agonists

A

5-15 min

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30
Q

side effects of beta adrenergic agonists

A

tachycardia, tremor, nervousness, palpitations

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31
Q

function of anticholinergic agents

A

block parasymp bronchoconstriction

32
Q

examples of anticholinergic agents

A

ipratropium (Atrovent)

tiotropium (Spiriva)

33
Q

can you use anticholinergic agents for acute bronchospasm?

A

no

34
Q

anticholinergic agents are frequently used with –

A

albuterol

35
Q

forms of anticholinergic agents

A

MDI, nebulizer

36
Q

side effects of anticholinergic agents

A

headache, dizzy, nervous, few systemic

37
Q

difference of ipratropium and tiotropium with other anticholinergic agents

A

doesn’t thicken mucus

38
Q

compared with beta adrenergic agonists, anticolinergic agents onset is

A

slow

39
Q

COPD drugs that combine Ipratropium and Albuterol

A

Combivent and DuoNeb

40
Q

methylxanthines: Ca2+ translocation –>

A

smooth muscle dilation

41
Q

methylxanthines: increased cAMP production –>

A

CNS stimulation

42
Q

methylxanthines: block adenosine receptor –>

A

skeletal muscle contraction

43
Q

side effects of methylxantines

A

tachycardia, tremor, anxiety, diuresis, insomnia

44
Q

tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, arrhythmias, seizures are – of methylxantines

A

toxicity

45
Q

osteoporosis, hyperglycemia, cushingoid-appearance, skin friability, immunosuppression are side effects of –

A

long term oral corticosteroid therapy

46
Q

most effective long-term preventative medications

A

inhaled corticosteroids

47
Q

examples of corticosteroids

A

triamcinolone/Azamcort; salmeterol/Advair

48
Q

can you use inhaled corticosteroids to treat chronic bronchitis?

A

yes

49
Q

can you use inhaled corticosteroids to treat acute bronchospasm?

A

no

50
Q

systemic side effect of inhaled corticosteroids?

A

thrush (oral candidiasis)

51
Q

prevent thrush by –

A

rinsing mouth after inhaler

52
Q

examples of non-steroidal prophylactic agents

A

Cromolyn (Nasalcrom)

Nedocromil (Tilade)

53
Q

non-steroidal prophylactic agents inhibit –

A

inflammatory mediator release

54
Q

non-steroidal prophylactic agents have very low –

A

toxicity

55
Q

do non-steroidal prophylactic agents have high allergic reactions?

A

no

56
Q

T/F: non-steroidal prophylactic agents have a medication sparing effect

A

true

57
Q

zafirlukast is an example of –

A

leutrokriene receptor antagonist

58
Q

leutrokriene receptor antagonist treats

A

chronic asthma

59
Q

functions of leutrokriene receptor antagonist

A

block bronchoconstriction, reduce edema, decrease mucus production

60
Q

side effects of leutrokreine receptor antagonist

A

headache, dry mouth, drowsiness

61
Q

newest class of medications

A

monoclonial antibody against IgE

62
Q

example of monoclonial antibody against IgE

A

Omalizumab (Xolair)

63
Q

where is monoclonial antibody against IgE used and why?

A

doctor’s office due to high incidence of anaphylactic reactions

64
Q

facilitate production of respiratory tract secretions

A

expectorants

65
Q

expectorants encourage fluids to promote –

A

thinning of secretions

66
Q

examples of expectorants

A

Gauifenesin (Robitussin) and Pulmozyme (dornase alpha)

67
Q

Pulmozyme (dornase alpha) used for –

A

cystic fibrosis

68
Q

suppress coughs

A

antitussive

69
Q

Afrin-topical and pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) are examples of

A

decongestants

70
Q

side effects of decongestants

A

dry mucosa, sting, burn

dependence, CNS stimulation

71
Q

how is mucomyst administered?

A

nebulizer, ET tube or tracheostomy

72
Q

used to thin mucus secretions in chronic bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, sinusitis

A

nasal saline solution

73
Q

during acetaminophen overdose, – can protect liver

A

mucomyst

74
Q

mucomyst can trigger – (so you should you it with bronchodilator)

A

bronchospasm

75
Q

medication sparing effects

A

decrease dose of steroids that were given

Systems 1 Part 2 (27 decks)

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