Respiratory Drugs

Question 1

hypoxia due to CO poisoning

Answer 1

postpulmonary

Question 2

hypoxia due to inadequate blood oxygenation

Answer 2

pulmonary

Question 3

hypoxia due to airway obstruction or low respiratory drive

Answer 3

prepulmonary

Question 4

burn victims may have – hypoxia

Answer 4

prepulmonary, pulmonary, and postpulmonary

Question 5

what body area is most vulnerable to hypoxia?

Answer 5

CNS

Question 6

why is high concentrations of O2 toxic?

Answer 6

reactive oxygen species

Question 7

effect of >15 hrs of long-term oxygen therapy on COPD

Answer 7

increase life expectancy

Question 8

gauze-wrapped ampules of reflex stimulant (crush under patient’s nose).

Answer 8

aromatic ammonia spirit (smelling salts)

Question 9

administration of doxapram

Answer 9

IV

Question 10

doxapram selectively stimulates – (medulla + carotid chemoreceptors) at low doses

Answer 10

respiration

Question 11

doxapram selectively stimulates – at high doses

Answer 11

convulsant

Question 12

excessive irritability of the respiratory tree

Answer 12

asthma

Question 13

asthma is – airway obstruction

Answer 13

reversible

Question 14

examples of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Answer 14

adult asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis,

Question 15

what causes airway obstruction in chronic bronchitis

Answer 15

thick mucus secretions and chronic inflammation

Question 16

over inflation and destruction of alveoli (decreased SA for oxygen exchange)

Answer 16

emphysema

Question 17

treatment for emphysema

Answer 17

palliative; asthma medication and O2 therapy

Question 18

three factors that contribute to the inflammation seen in asthma

Answer 18

inducers, airway hyperresponsiveness, triggers

Question 19

allergens, chemical sensitizer, air pollutants are – for asthma

Answer 19

inducers

Question 20

allergens, exercise, cold air, visiting the dentist are – for asthma

Answer 20

triggers

Question 21

symptoms of asthma

Answer 21

cough, wheeze, dyspnea

Question 22

early phase response to inhaled allergen

Answer 22

bronchoconstriction

Question 23

late phase response to inhaled allergen

Answer 23

edema, secretions, inflammation

Question 24

airway resistance is – of the bronchiolar radius

Answer 24

inversely proportional to the 4th power

Question 25

epithelial shedding may expose sensory nerve endings -->

Answer 25

neuropetptide release, plasma extravasation and other inflammatory reponses

Question 26

examples of beta adrenergic agonists

Answer 26

albuterol/Proventil | salmeterol, pirbuterol

Question 27

function of beta adrenergic agonists

Answer 27

stimulates symp airway SM relaxation

Question 28

forms of beta adrenergic agonists

Answer 28

metered dose inhaler (MDI), nebulizer, oral tablets

Question 29

onset of beta adrenergic agonists

Answer 29

5-15 min

Question 30

side effects of beta adrenergic agonists

Answer 30

tachycardia, tremor, nervousness, palpitations

Question 31

function of anticholinergic agents

Answer 31

block parasymp bronchoconstriction

Question 32

examples of anticholinergic agents

Answer 32

ipratropium (Atrovent) | tiotropium (Spiriva)

Question 33

can you use anticholinergic agents for acute bronchospasm?

Answer 33

no

Question 34

anticholinergic agents are frequently used with --

Answer 34

albuterol

Question 35

forms of anticholinergic agents

Answer 35

MDI, nebulizer

Question 36

side effects of anticholinergic agents

Answer 36

headache, dizzy, nervous, few systemic

Question 37

difference of ipratropium and tiotropium with other anticholinergic agents

Answer 37

doesn't thicken mucus

Question 38

compared with beta adrenergic agonists, anticolinergic agents onset is

Answer 38

slow

Question 39

COPD drugs that combine Ipratropium and Albuterol

Answer 39

Combivent and DuoNeb

Question 40

methylxanthines: Ca2+ translocation -->

Answer 40

smooth muscle dilation

Question 41

methylxanthines: increased cAMP production -->

Answer 41

CNS stimulation

Question 42

methylxanthines: block adenosine receptor -->

Answer 42

skeletal muscle contraction

Question 43

side effects of methylxantines

Answer 43

tachycardia, tremor, anxiety, diuresis, insomnia

Question 44

tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, arrhythmias, seizures are -- of methylxantines

Answer 44

toxicity

Question 45

osteoporosis, hyperglycemia, cushingoid-appearance, skin friability, immunosuppression are side effects of --

Answer 45

long term oral corticosteroid therapy

Question 46

most effective long-term preventative medications

Answer 46

inhaled corticosteroids

Question 47

examples of corticosteroids

Answer 47

triamcinolone/Azamcort; salmeterol/Advair

Question 48

can you use inhaled corticosteroids to treat chronic bronchitis?

Answer 48

yes

Question 49

can you use inhaled corticosteroids to treat acute bronchospasm?

Answer 49

no

Question 50

systemic side effect of inhaled corticosteroids?

Answer 50

thrush (oral candidiasis)

Question 51

prevent thrush by --

Answer 51

rinsing mouth after inhaler

Question 52

examples of non-steroidal prophylactic agents

Answer 52

Cromolyn (Nasalcrom) | Nedocromil (Tilade)

Question 53

non-steroidal prophylactic agents inhibit --

Answer 53

inflammatory mediator release

Question 54

non-steroidal prophylactic agents have very low --

Answer 54

toxicity

Question 55

do non-steroidal prophylactic agents have high allergic reactions?

Answer 55

no

Question 56

T/F: non-steroidal prophylactic agents have a medication sparing effect

Answer 56

true

Question 57

zafirlukast is an example of --

Answer 57

leutrokriene receptor antagonist

Question 58

leutrokriene receptor antagonist treats

Answer 58

chronic asthma

Question 59

functions of leutrokriene receptor antagonist

Answer 59

block bronchoconstriction, reduce edema, decrease mucus production

Question 60

side effects of leutrokreine receptor antagonist

Answer 60

headache, dry mouth, drowsiness

Question 61

newest class of medications

Answer 61

monoclonial antibody against IgE

Question 62

example of monoclonial antibody against IgE

Answer 62

Omalizumab (Xolair)

Question 63

where is monoclonial antibody against IgE used and why?

Answer 63

doctor's office due to high incidence of anaphylactic reactions

Question 64

facilitate production of respiratory tract secretions

Answer 64

expectorants

Question 65

expectorants encourage fluids to promote --

Answer 65

thinning of secretions

Question 66

examples of expectorants

Answer 66

Gauifenesin (Robitussin) and Pulmozyme (dornase alpha)

Question 67

Pulmozyme (dornase alpha) used for --

Answer 67

cystic fibrosis

Question 68

suppress coughs

Answer 68

antitussive

Question 69

Afrin-topical and pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) are examples of

Answer 69

decongestants

Question 70

side effects of decongestants

Answer 70

dry mucosa, sting, burn | dependence, CNS stimulation

Question 71

how is mucomyst administered?

Answer 71

nebulizer, ET tube or tracheostomy

Question 72

used to thin mucus secretions in chronic bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, sinusitis

Answer 72

nasal saline solution

Question 73

during acetaminophen overdose, -- can protect liver

Answer 73

mucomyst

Question 74

mucomyst can trigger -- (so you should you it with bronchodilator)

Answer 74

bronchospasm

Question 75

medication sparing effects

Answer 75

decrease dose of steroids that were given