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Systems 1 Part 2 > Histology and pathology of lung diseases > Flashcards

Histology and pathology of lung diseases Flashcards

1
Q

properties of right bronchus

A

more vertically oriented

more frequent aspiration site

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2
Q

arteries follow –

A

airways

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3
Q

T/F: infarctions are common

A

false

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4
Q

normal epithelium of the upper respiratory tract and large airways

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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5
Q

most common cell type in pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

A

ciliated cells

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6
Q

cell types in pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

A

ciliated, secretory, and those that don’t reach luminal surface

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7
Q

secretory cells of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

A

mucous (goblet) and club (Clara) cells

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8
Q

cells that don’t reach luminal surface

A

basal (stem), Kulchitsky, and serous cells

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9
Q

Most common secretory cell

A

mucous (goblet)

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10
Q

Most common secretory cells in terminal and respiratory bronchioles

A

club (Clara) cells

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11
Q

function of club cells

A

secretes proteins that protect the bronchiolar lining

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12
Q

function of Kulchitsky cell

A

secretes peptide hormones (especially serotonin) to regulate vascular tone

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13
Q

where are serous cells located?

A

submucosal glands

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14
Q

function of serous cells

A

secrete bactericidal proteins

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15
Q

what is in the bronchus?

A

cartilage and submucosal glands

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16
Q

can the bronchus collapse?

A

no

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17
Q

Can the bronchiole collapse?

A

yes

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18
Q

usually the bronchiole is the same size as the –

A

pulmonary artery

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19
Q

T/F: type 1 pneumocyte are flat cells that is a minor lining cell but covers about 97% of alveolar surface

A

true

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20
Q

type 2 pneumocyte cover – of alveolar surface

A

3%

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21
Q

what is the alveolar reserve cell

A

pneumocyte type 2

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22
Q

T/F: lymphatic channels and stromal cells are scarce

A

true

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23
Q

type 2 alveolar cells are – of epithelial cells

A

60%

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24
Q

which cells can divide during repair?

A

type 2

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25
Q

can type 1 flat cells divide?

A

no

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26
Q

which type of lung disease is more common?

A

obstuctive

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27
Q

obstructive pulmonary disease can be determined by –

A

pulmonary function test

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28
Q

obstructive disease is due to –

A

airway narrowing (structural) or loss of elastic recoil (functional)

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29
Q

who usually has asthma?

A

children to young adults

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30
Q

who usually has chronic bronchitis and emphysema

A

older smoking men

31
Q

histology of asthma

A

EOSINOPHILS, mucostasis, SM hyperplasia, BM thickening

32
Q

histology of chronic bronchitis

A

chronic inflammation, goblet cell hyperplasia, increase in submucosal glands

33
Q

Chronic bronchitis histology looks like asthma without –

A

eosinophils

34
Q

chronic bronchitis: large airways

A

mucous overproduction

35
Q

chronic bronchitis: small airways

A

scarring

36
Q

T/F: lungs are last organs to dev and first to deteriorate

A

true

37
Q

most common form of emphysema

A

centrilobular

38
Q

emphysema: damage to alveolar walls adjacent to respiratory bronchioles results in –

A

loss of alveolar tissue nd large empty airspaces

39
Q

T/F: small airway fibrosis is present in emphysema and chronic bronchitis

A

true

40
Q

– emphysema is observed in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency

A

panacinar (panlobular)

41
Q

which part of the lung is worse in emphysema

A

upper lobe

42
Q

– is required to supplement expiration and hold open small airways

A

elasticity

43
Q

loss of elasticity results in – obstruction

A

functional and structural

44
Q

all obstructive disease results in – in expiratory airflow

A

decrease

45
Q

in obstructive disease, lung volume may be increased but – is decreased

A

forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)

46
Q

restrictive disease is defined by –

A

reduced lung capacity (reduced volume or decrease in expansion)

47
Q

T/F: in restrictive lung disease, expiratory function may be normal or reduced

A

true

48
Q

causes of restrictive lung disease

A

intrinsic: infiltrative process in interstitium or extrinsic: chest wall disorder, neuromuscular disorder, obesity

49
Q

there are many different causes for restrictive lung disease but almost half are –

A

idiopathic

50
Q

diffuse infiltrative lung disease results in – that are difficult to expand –> restrictive lung disease

A

firm, less pliable lungs

51
Q

in normal lung, the interstitium is – and consists of capillaries and a few cells in the alveolar wall

A

inconspicuous

52
Q

in interstitial lung disease, the intersitium is – and lung loses its inherent pliability

A

expanded by fibrosis or cells

53
Q

usual interstitial pneumonia (50-70 y/o male)

A

temporally and spatially heterogeneous pattern of chronic interstitial inflammation and fibrosis

54
Q

prognosis of UIP

A

poor 3-5 years

55
Q

risk factors of UIP

A

idiopathic, genetic and environmental risk factors

56
Q

what replaces fibrosis?

A

scar tissue

57
Q

nonspecific interstitial pneumonia has a pattern of –

A

uniform septal thickening

58
Q

nonspecific interstitial pneumonia: interstitial inflammation full of –

A

cells or fibrosis

59
Q

nonspecific interstitial pneumonia can be –

A

primary or secondary

60
Q

secondary causes of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia

A

collagen vascular disease (like lupus), durgs, infection

61
Q

mimickers of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia

A

lymphoma

62
Q

hypersensitivity pneumonitis: hypersensitivity reaction to an inhaled antigen results in –

A

chronic bronchocentric inflammation

63
Q

acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis is due to –

A

type III hypersensitivity

64
Q

chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis is due to –

A

type IV hypersensitivity

65
Q

common agents of hypersensitivity pneumonitis

A

parakeet, fungi in mold, humidifiers etc

66
Q

symptoms of hypersensitivity pneumonitis

A

dyspnea, fever, malaise, weight loss, clubbing

67
Q

histologic feature of hypersensitivity pneumonitis

A

poorly formed granuloma = giant cell

68
Q

systemic non-necrotizing granulomatous disease that can affect every organ

A

sarcoidosis

69
Q

sarcoidosis: usual sites of granulomas are –

A

mediastinal lymph nodes, lungs, liver

70
Q

T/F: sarcoidosis has great variation in lung disease manifestations from minimal subclinical to severe interstitial fibrosis

A

true

71
Q

sarcoidosis is a disease of –

A

exclusion

72
Q

histologic feature of sarcoidosis

A

well-formed non-necrotizing granulomas

73
Q

histology color of sarcoidosis

A

dense pink fibrosis

Systems 1 Part 2 (27 decks)

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