Renal 3

Question 1

in the absence of vasopressin, the cortical and medullary collecting ducts are – to water

Answer 1

impermeable

Question 2

without vasopressin, the osmolarity of tubular fluid would remain – than that of plasma

Answer 2

less

Question 3

renin is secreted by – of kidneys

Answer 3

juxtaglomerular cells

Question 4

renin – the removal of angiotensin I from angiotensinogen

Answer 4

catalyzes

Question 5

conversion of Ang I to Ang II stimulates –

Answer 5

secretion of aldosterone from adrenal cortex

Question 6

– directly innervates juxtaglomerular cells and stimulates renin secretion

Answer 6

renal sympathetic nerves

Question 7

where are juxtaglomerular cells located at?

Answer 7

afferent arterioles

Question 8

juxtaglomerular cells are sensitive to pressure within arterioles so they act as –

Answer 8

intrarenal baroreceptors

Question 9

effect of reduced plasma volume and low blood pressure in kidney on baroreceptor cells

Answer 9

stretched less –> secrete more renin

Question 10

layer of specialized epithelial cells located near the ends of the ascending loops of Henle

Answer 10

macula densa

Question 11

macula densa are closely juxtaposed to –

Answer 11

afferent arteriole and juxtaglomerular cells

Question 12

macula densa is a –

Answer 12

chemoreceptor

Question 13

macula densa sense – in tubule flowing past it

Answer 13

Na+ and/or Cl- concentration

Question 14

– concentration of Na+/Cl- cause macula densa to stimulate juxtaglomerular cells to secrete renin

Answer 14

decreased

Question 15

three inputs controlling renin secretion

Answer 15

renal sympathetic nerves
juxtaglomerular cells as baroreceptors
macula densa as chemoreceptors

Question 16

– CV pressure leads to increased vasopressin

Answer 16

decreased

Question 17

– plasma osmolarity leads to increased vasopressin

Answer 17

increased

Question 18

low plasma volume –> venous, atrial, and arterial pressures

Answer 18

decrease

Question 19

which renal process is controlled for K+?

Answer 19

secretion

Question 20

where does secretion of K+ occur?

Answer 20

cortical collecting ducts

Question 21

effect of high plasma K+ on adrenal cortex

Answer 21

increase aldosterone secretion

Question 22

increased plasma effect on cortical collecting ducts

Answer 22

increased K+ secretion and excretion

Question 23

two major controls of aldosterone secretion

Answer 23

[plasma angiotensin II] and [plasma K+]

Question 24

aldosterone induces – in luminal membrane of cortical collecting-duct cells

Answer 24

synthesis of Na+ and K+ channels

Question 25

aldosterone induces – in cells’ basolateral membrane

Answer 25

Na/K-ATPase pumps

Question 26

aldosterone increase reabsorption of – in cortical collecting ducts and decrease its excretion

Answer 26

Na+

Question 27

aldosterone increase secretion of – in cortical collecting ducts and increase its excretion

Answer 27

K+

Question 28

ANP increases –

Answer 28

Na+ excretion

Question 29

ANP is a hormone synthesized in –

Answer 29

cardiac atria

Question 30

ANP is released to in response to –

Answer 30

increased Na+ and increased blood plasma volume

Question 31

ANP inhibits – at tubules by inhibiting aldosterone production

Answer 31

sodium reabsorption

Question 32

ANP increases – which increase sodium excretion

Answer 32

GFR

Question 33

T/F: both aldosterone and ANP are hormonal responses designed to maintain blood volume and pressure

Answer 33

true

Question 34

hypertension is generally caused by the kidneys’ – in response to normal blood pressure

Answer 34

inability to excrete Na+