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Systems 1 Part 2 > Pathology of Lung Cancer > Flashcards

Pathology of Lung Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

tumors in lung are usually –

A

fatal/malignant

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2
Q

neoplasm is – of tissue that grows by rapid cell proliferation and continues growth after ceased stimuli

A

abnormal new growth

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3
Q

benign tumor cells

A

resemble cell of origin (well differentiated)

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4
Q

benign tumors grow –

A

locally

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5
Q

can benign tumors spread beyond site of origin?

A

no

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6
Q

tumors that cause fewer or no clinical problems

A

benign tumors

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7
Q

tumors that rarely cause death

A

benign tumors

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8
Q

malignant tumor cells

A

lose resemblance to cell of origin (poorly differentiated)

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9
Q

malignant tumors infiltrate local tissues

A

invasion

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10
Q

malignant tumors spread from site of origin

A

regional and distant metastases

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11
Q

tumor that can damage vital organs

A

malignant tumors

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12
Q

tumors that cause death

A

malignant tumors

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13
Q

– differentiated cells metastasize quickly

A

poorly

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14
Q

lung cancer is most common of –

A

cancer death

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15
Q

T/F: risk of lung cancer remains above normal even in ex-smokers

A

true

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16
Q

T/F: some types of lung cancer only occur in smokers

A

true

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17
Q

tumors arise from –

A

single cell

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18
Q

how do we stage cancers?

A

size, extent and spread of neoplasm

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19
Q

major histologic types of lung cancer

A

squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine tumors (small cell carcinoma)

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20
Q

squamous cell carcinoma is closely linked to –

A

smoking

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21
Q

squamous cell carcinoma is usually located in –

A

central chest

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22
Q

squamous cell carcinoma usually arise from –

A

dysplastic squamous metaplasia

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23
Q

gross presentation of lung of squamous cell carcinoma

A

chalky, easily crumble (friable)

24
Q

histology of squamous cell carcinoma

A

sheets of cells with eosinophils (red-orange) cytoplasm and “keratin pearls”

25
Q

tumor that arises out of an injured epithelial cell

A

carcinoma

26
Q

turmor grows out of bronchial gland cell

A

carcinoma

27
Q

rarely a tumor will grow out of cartilage (mesoderm)

A

sarcoma

28
Q

tumors that arise from endothelial cells

A

angiomas

29
Q

pathologic stage depends on

A

tumor size, chest wall invasion, lymph node involvement, metastases

30
Q

progression of normal epithelium to invasive carcinoma

A 
normal epithelium
hyperplasia
squamous metaplasia
dysplasia
carcinoma in situ
invasive carcinoma
31
Q

main risk factor for adenocarcinoma

A

smoking

32
Q

well differentiated adenocarcinomas seen in non smokers are associated with –

A

EGFR mutation

33
Q

histology of adenocarcinoma

A

hyper plastic cells with atypia

34
Q

types of neuroendocrine carcinomas

A

carcinoid tumor and small cell carcinoma

35
Q

well differentiated tumor with good prognosis

A

carcinoid (neuroendocrine carcinoma)

36
Q

can carcinoid metastasize?

A

yes

37
Q

is carcinoid associated with smoking?

A

no

38
Q

carcinoid tend to occur in –

A

younger patients

39
Q

carcinoid histology

A

organoid pattern resembles glands but very monomorphic appearing cells

40
Q

neuroendocrine carcinoma strongly linked to smoking and usually present in older patients

A

small cell carcinoma

41
Q

poorly differentiated and poor prognosis neuroendocrine carcinoma

A

small cell carcinoma

42
Q

histology of small cell carcinoma

A

very small dark cells with very little cytoplasm, extensive crush artifact, necrosis and many mitoses

43
Q

why is synaptophysin stain weak in small cell carcinoma?

A

poorly differentiated

44
Q

primary sarcomas and lymphomas are –

A

rare

45
Q

lungs are the most common destination for –

A

metazoic tumors

46
Q

–, traveling in veins eventually dump into lungs via pulmonary artery

A

sarcomas

47
Q

– traveling in lymphatic veins, dump into thoracic duct which empties into systemic venous system

A

carcinomas

48
Q

EGFR mutation result in

A

well-differentiated adenocarcinoma

49
Q

mutation of this signaling molecule that is downstream from EGFR results in an upregulation of signaling pathway beyond EGFR point

A

K-RAS

50
Q

K-RAS mutation is common in –

A

smokers

51
Q

K-RAS mutation results in

A

moderate to poorly differentiated non small cell carcinoma (adenocarcinoma)

52
Q

T/F: K-RAS mutation is twice as common as EGFR

A

true

53
Q

K-RAS mutation is predictive of poor prognosis in resected disease as well as – to treatment to EGFR inhibitors

A

resistance

54
Q

– used as a prognostic marker or screen for EGFR treatment for non-responders

A

K-RAS

55
Q

mesothelioma is a rare but highly lethal malignancy from mesothelial cells lining –

A

pleural surface

56
Q

greatest risk factor for mesothelioma

A

asbestos exposure

Systems 1 Part 2 (27 decks)

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