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MCQ 1.1 > Ventilation > Flashcards

Ventilation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 membranes surrounding the lungs

A

The inner (visceral) pleura lines the lungs
The outer (parietal) pleura connects the lungs to the rib cage

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2
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have

A

3

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3
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have

A

2

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4
Q

What is pulmonary ventilation

A

The moving of air in and out of the lungs

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5
Q

What is external respiration

A

Gas exchange between pulmonary blood and alveoli

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6
Q

What is the respiratory gas transport

A

Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide via the bloodstream

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7
Q

What is the internal respiration

A

Gas exchange between blood and tissue cells in systemic capillaries

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8
Q

What is Ppl

A

The pleural pressure - pressure between the two pleurae

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9
Q

At the beginning of inspiration what is Ppl

A

Negative

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10
Q

What is PA

A

Alveolar pressure

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11
Q

What is PB

A

Atmospheric air pressure (barometric)

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12
Q

what type of process is inspiration

A

An active process

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13
Q

What is the recoil pressure

A

After air enters the lungs there is a difference between PA and Ppl

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14
Q

Process of pulmonary ventilation

A

As air enters the lungs are stretched and Ppl becomes negative causing the PA to become negative causing a rush of air into the lungs
After air enters the lungs there is a difference between PA and Ppl and is a measure of the force required to collapse the unit at the beginning of expiration

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15
Q

What type of process is expiration

A

A passive process

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16
Q

Which muscles are used during inspiration

A

Sternocleidomastoid
Scalenes
External intercostal muscles
Diaphragm

17
Q

Which muscles are used during expiration

A

Internal intercostal muscles
External and internal oblique
Transversus abdominis
Rectus abdominis
Diaphragm

18
Q

What does the external intercostal muscles do during inspiration

A

Pulls ribs up and out

19
Q

What does the diaphragm do during inspiration

A

Contracts

20
Q

What does the sternecleidonmastoid do during inspiration

A

Elevates the sternum moving up and out

21
Q

What does the pectoralis minor do during inspiration

A

Elevates the ribs

22
Q

What does the diaphragm do during expiration

A

Relaxes forcing air out

23
Q

What does the posterior internal intercostal muscles do during expiration

A

Pull ribs down and inward

24
Q

What does the abdominal organs do during expiration

A

Force diaphragm higher

25
Q

What does the abdominal wall muscle do during expiration

A

Contracts and compresses abdominal organs

26
Q

What do macrophages do during gaseous exchange

A

Adds protection

27
Q

What coats the alveolar surfaces

A

Surfactant coats gas exposed alveolar surfaces

28
Q

How is carbon dioxide transported in the blood

A

In the plasma as bicarbonate ion
A small amount is carried inside red blood cells on haemoglobin but at different binding sites to oxygen

29
Q

What does the oxygen dissociation curve represent

A

The amount of oxygen saturation bonded to haem in blood needed for various processes

30
Q

What are the 2 common diseases of lungs classified into

A

Obstructive and restrictive

31
Q

What happens with COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

A

Narrowing of airways making expiration more difficult

32
Q

What happens with asthma

A

Characterised by attacks of shortness of breath coughing and wheezing due to allergens

33
Q

List 5 aging effects of the respiratory tissues

A

Elasticity of lungs decreases
Vital capacity decreases
Blood oxygen levels decrease
Stimulating effects of carbon dioxide decreases
More risks of respiratory tract infection

34
Q

What is the respiratory rate of newborns

A

40-80 respirations per minute

35
Q

What is the respiratory rates in infants

A

30 respirations per minute

36
Q

What is the respiratory rate for age 5

A

25 respirations per minute

37
Q

What is the respiratory rate for adults

A

12-18 respirations per minute

38
Q

What happens to the respiratory rate during old age

A

The rate often increases

MCQ 1.1 (43 decks)

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