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MCQ 1.1 > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 main components in blood

A

Plasma
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets

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2
Q

What are the 6 components of plasma

A

Water
Ions
Proteins
Nutrients
Wastes
Gases

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3
Q

How much of the blood do erythrocytes make up

A

40-45%

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4
Q

What do red blood cells do

A

Deliver oxygen to tissues using haemoglobin

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5
Q

What shape do red blood cells have

A

They are biconcave to maximise surface area

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6
Q

What do mature red blood cells not have

A

No nuclei or organelles

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7
Q

What hormone stimulates red blood cells

A

Erythropoietin for red blood cell synthesis

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8
Q

How long do red blood cells live for

A

100-120 days

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9
Q

What is essential for oxygen binding

A

Iron in the haemoglobin

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10
Q

How many molecules of oxygen can haemoglobin bind to

A

4 O2 molecules

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11
Q

What happens to the red blood cells with sickle cell disease

A

They get trapped

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12
Q

What is the life expectancy of someone with sickle cell disease

A

40-60

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13
Q

How does sickle cell disease occur

A

Form a change of one base in beta globin gene - replacing a hydrophilic amino acid (glutamate) with a hydrophobic one (valine)

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14
Q

What are platelets also known as

A

Thrombocytes

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15
Q

What is the main role of platelets

A

They plug holes in blood vessels and send signals to continue the clotting process

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16
Q

What is thrombocytopenia

A

A low platelet count (below 50,000)

17
Q

What are white blood cells also known as

A

Leukocytes

18
Q

Where do white blood cells come from

A

Multipotent (type of stem cell) in the bone marrow

19
Q

What do white blood cells have that red blood cells don’t have

A

A nuclei

20
Q

What percentage of white blood cells are neutrophil

A

62%

21
Q

What percentage of white blood cells are basophil

A

0.4%

22
Q

What percentage of white blood cells are eosinophil

A

2.3%

23
Q

What percentage of white blood cells are monocyte

A

5.3%

24
Q

What percentage of white blood cells are lymphocytes

A

30%

25
Q

What do B-cells do

A

Release antibodies and activate T cells

26
Q

What do T cells do

A

Activate and regulate T and B cells
Target virus infected and tumour cells
Prevent autoimmunity

27
Q

What do neutrophils target

A

Bacteria and fungi

28
Q

What do eosinophil target

A

Parasites and modulate allergic inflammation

29
Q

What do basophil do

A

Release histamine during inflammatory response

30
Q

What do monocyte do

A

Move into tissues where they differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells

31
Q

What do lymphocytes do

A

Natural killer cells target virus infected and tumour cells

MCQ 1.1 (43 decks)

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