Cells Flashcards
What are carbohydrates
Energy (immediate and stored) membrane components
What are lipids
Membrane, energy storage and messengers
What are nuclei acids
Contain a cells genetic information
What are proteins
Enzymes, messengers and structural components
What are the 2 forms of genetic information
DNA and RNA
What happens in ribosomes
Protein synthesising machinery
What does the phospholipid bilayer do
Separates cellular contents from the external environment
What do mitochondria do
Energy production ATP
What is special about mitochondria
They contain their own DNA and are found in high energy demanding organs
Name the microtubules in the cytoskeleton
Tubulin
Name the filaments in the cytoskeleton
Actin
Name the 5 intermediate filaments in the cytoskeleton
Neurofilaments
Desmin filaments
Keratin
Vimentin
Lamins
How is protein created in eukaryotic cells
DNA replication - transcription - RNA - translation - Protein sent out to the golgi and transported in the vesicles out through the cell membrane
What are the 4 main functions of the endoplasmic reticulum
Protein synthesis and folding
Quality control - mis folded proteins can be rejected and sent to be destroyed
Lipid synthesis
Detoxification
What are the 3 main functions of the Golgi apparatus
Protein modification
Macromolecule manufacture
Labelled and sent to other destinations in or out of the cell
What are the 4 stages lysosome takes in cellular housekeeping
Envelopment
Sealing
Merging with lysosome
Resulting residual body
What are the 5 stages in order of the journey of protein
Nucleus and nuclear envelope
Endoplasmic reticulum
Vesicles
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes/proteasomes/endososmes
What are proteins made of
Amino acids
What are peptides
The amino acids which are arranged into strings by transfer RNA and ribosomes
What are the 3 membrane bound organelles within a eukaryote cell
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum
Vesicles and vacuoles
What is the function of a prokaryotic cell
Reproduction
Respiration
Digestion and other biological processes
What is the function of a eukaryotic cell
Produce food and energy in the form of ATP
Maintain homeostasis
What is the function of the nucleus
DNA storage
What is the function of the mitochondrion
Energy production
What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Lipid production
Detoxification
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum
Protein production in particular for the export out of the cell
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus
Protein modification and export
What is the function of the peroxisome
Lipid destruction contains oxidative enzymes
What is the function of the lysosomes
Protein destruction
What is the function of vesicles
Transport
What type of squamous is the oral epithelium composed of
Stratified squamous
