Periodontal Complex

Question 1

What is the PDLs component parts

Answer 1

Gingivae
Cementum
Periodontal ligament
Alveolar bone

Question 2

What are the 4 main functions of the PDL

Answer 2

Remodelling
Sensory
Nutritive
Supportive

Question 3

What does the PDL help remodel

Answer 3

The alveolar bone

Question 4

What does the PDL help repair/resorption

Answer 4

Of the cementum

Question 5

What do the fibres and soft connective tissues of the PDL act as

Answer 5

Bio mechanical shock absorbers
To dissipate masticatory forces to the alveolar bone via the oblique fibres

Question 6

What are 3 roles of the cementum

Answer 6

Covers and protects the root
Provides attachment to the periodontal fibres
More resistant to resorption

Question 7

What are the 2 types of fibres in the cementum

Answer 7

Extrinsic (Sharpeys) fibres
Intrinsic fibres

Question 8

What are extrinsic (Sharpeys) fibres

Answer 8

Are embedded ends of the principle PDL fibres

Question 9

What are intrinsic fibres

Answer 9

Fibres of cementum proper

Question 10

What synthesises cementum

Answer 10

Cemetocytes

Question 11

Where are the cemetocytes

Answer 11

Each one ‘sits’ within the lacuna

Question 12

What are Sharpeys fibres

Answer 12

Collagenous fibres that embed into the cementum and alveolar bone to attach the tooth to the alveolar process

Question 13

Which cementum type are extrinsic fibres

Answer 13

Acellular

Question 14

Which cementum type are intrinsic fibres

Answer 14

Cellular

Question 15

where is acellular cementum located

Answer 15

Cervical 1/3

Question 16

Where is cellular cementum located

Answer 16

Apical 2/3 and fraction
Lamellar structure

Question 17

Where is acellular afibrillar cementum located

Answer 17

Found close to the CEJ

Question 18

what is the function of acellular cementum

Answer 18

Anchorage

Question 19

What is the function of the cellular cementum

Answer 19

Functional adaption
Repair

Question 20

Where is cementum the thickest

Answer 20

At the apex and in the inter radicals areas of multi rooted teeth

Question 21

Where is cementum the thinnest

Answer 21

The cervical area

Question 22

Where are the connective tissues derived from in the PDL

Answer 22

The dental follicle

Question 23

Which fibres run perpendicularly to the collagen fibres

Answer 23

Oxytalan (elastin) fibres

Question 24

What allows for formation/regeneration of the PDL

Answer 24

Periodontal ligament fibroblasts

Question 25

What is the turnover rate for PDL collagen

Answer 25

1 day

Question 26

What happens to the PDL with age

Answer 26

The width reduces

Question 27

List 7 cells within the PDL

Answer 27

Fibroblasts Epithelial cells Cementoblasts Osteoblasts Neural Vascular Lymphatics

Question 28

List 4 organic matrix within the PDL

Answer 28

Collagen Proteoglycans Glycoproteins Oxytalan

Question 29

What is the inorganic material within the PDL

Answer 29

Water

Question 30

What are the 5 collagen fibre bundles

Answer 30

Alveolar crest Horizontal Oblique Periapical Inter radicular

Question 31

What does the periosteum attach to

Answer 31

Bone

Question 32

What does ERM stand for

Answer 32

Epithelial cells rests of Melassez

Question 33

What roles does ERM have

Answer 33

In cementum repair and regeneration

Question 34

What are ERMs

Answer 34

They are discrete clusters of residual cells from Hertwigs epithelial root sheath that didn’t completely disappear from developmental stages

Question 35

Name 3 PDL receptors

Answer 35

Nociception Mechanoreception Proprioception

Question 36

What are 3 principal sources of blood vessels in the PDL

Answer 36

Apical vessels - pulp Perforating vessels - lamina dura perforate socket wall Gingival vessels - gingival tissue

Question 37

What is the alveolar bone

Answer 37

The portion of the maxilla and mandible that form and support the tooth socket

Question 38

What are the 2 main constituents of the alveolar bone

Answer 38

Cortical plates Central trabecular bone