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MCQ 1.1 > Vagus Nerve > Flashcards

Vagus Nerve Flashcards

1
Q

How much of the vagus nerve fibres communicate from the body to the brain

A

80%

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2
Q

How much of the vagus nerve fibres communicate from the brain to the body

A

20%

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3
Q

What does the vagus nerve control

A

Muscles that you use to swallow and speak And body’s response to rest/relaxation

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4
Q

What is the vagus nerves sensory function

A

Innervates the skin of the external acoustic meatus and internal surfaces of the laryngopharynx and larynx
Provides visceral sensation to the heart and abdominal viscera

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5
Q

What is the vagus nerves special sensory function

A

Provides taste sensation to the epiglottis and root of the tongue

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6
Q

What is the vagus nerves motor function

A

Provides innervation to the majority of the muscles of the pharynx, soft palate and larynx

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7
Q

What is the vagus nerves parasympathetic function

A

Innervates the smooth muscle of the trachea, bronchi and gastrointestinal tract and regulates heart rhythm

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8
Q

What are the 4 vagal nuclei

A

Dorsal motor nucleus
Nucleus ambiguus
Solitary nucleus
Spinal trigeminal nucleus

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9
Q

What does the dorsal motor nucleus do

A

Supply parasympathetic efferent primarily to the gastrointestinal tract and lungs

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10
Q

What does the nucleus ambiguus do

A

Efferent fibres supply muscles of the soft palate, pharynx and larynx
Also gives rise to branchial efferent fibres and preganglionic parasympathetic neurons for the heart

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11
Q

What does the solitary nucleus do

A

Receives primary afferents from visceral organs as well as taste information

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12
Q

What does the spinal trigeminal nucleus do

A

Relay sensory information regarding pain, temperature and deep touch of the outer ear, the dura of the posterior cranial fossa and the mucosa of the larynx

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13
Q

What does the Auricular branch of the vagus nerve supply

A

Sensation to the posterior part of the external auditory canal and external ear

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14
Q

What does the vagus nerve pass through in the neck

A

The carotid sheath

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15
Q

How does the vagus nerve travel within the neck

A

Inferiorly with the internal jugular vein and common carotid artery

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16
Q

Where does the right vagus nerve pass

A

Anterior to the subclavian artery and posterior to the sternoclavicular joint entering the thorax

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17
Q

Where does the left vagus nerve pass

A

Inferiorly between the left common carotid and left subclavian arteries, posterior to the sternoclavicular joint entering the thorax

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18
Q

What are the 4 branches which the vagus nerve breaks into in the neck

A

Pharyngeal branch
Superior laryngeal nerve
Right recurrent laryngeal nerve
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve

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19
Q

What does the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve do

A

Provide motor innervation to the majority of the muscles of the pharynx and soft palate

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20
Q

What does the external laryngeal nerve of the vagus nerve do

A

Innervate the cricothyroid muscle of the larynx

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21
Q

What does the internal laryngeal nerve of the vagus nerve do

A

Provide sensory innervation to the laryngopharynx and superior part of the larynx

22
Q

What does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve of the vagus nerve do

A

Innervates the majority of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx

23
Q

What is the pathway of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve of the vagus nerve

A

Hooks underneath the aortic arch before transcending towards the larynx

24
Q

In the thorax what does the right vagus nerve form

A

The posterior vagal trunk

25
Q

In the thorax what does the left vagus nerve form

A

The anterior vagal trunk

26
Q

What do the vagal trunks of the vagus nerve contribute to

A

The formation of the oesophageal plexus which innervates the smooth muscle of the oesophagus

27
Q

In the thorax what are the 2 other branches of the vagus nerve

A

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
Cardiac branches

28
Q

What do the cardiac branches of the vagus nerve do

A

Innervate/regulate heart rate and provide visceral sensation to the organ

29
Q

How does the vagus nerve enter the abdomen

A

The vagal trunks enter the abdomen via the oesophageal hiatus - an opening in the diaphragm

30
Q

How does the vagus nerve terminate in the abdomen

A

By dividing into branches that supply the oesophagus, stomach and the small and large bowel - up to the splenic flexure

31
Q

What are the muscles of the pharynx innervated by

A

The pharyngeal branches of the vagus nerve

32
Q

What 5 pharynx muscles are innervated by the vagus nerve

A

Superior, middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles
Palatopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus

33
Q

What is the stylopharyngeus innervated by

A

The glossopharyngeal nerve

34
Q

What is the 6th pharynx muscle that is not innervated by the vagus nerve

A

The Stylopharyngeus muscle

35
Q

What are the 5 recurrent laryngeal muscles

A

Thyro arytenoid
Posterior crico arytenoid
Lateral crico arytenoid
Transverse and oblique arytenoids
Vocalis

36
Q

What is the external laryngeal muscle

A

Cricothyroid

37
Q

How does the vagus nerve help cardiac function

A

Cardiac branches arise in the thorax conveying parasympathetic innervation to the sino atrial and atrio ventricular nodes of the heart
Stimulates reduction in the resting heart rate

38
Q

What would happen to the heart rate if the vagus nerve was damaged

A

The resting heart rate would increase

39
Q

How does the vagus nerve help with the gastrointestinal system

A

Provides parasympathetic innervation to the majority of abdominal organs
Sends branches to the oesophagus, stomach and intestinal tract - up to the splenic flexure of the large colon
Stimulate muscle contraction and glandular secretions in these organs

40
Q

How does the vagus nerve stimulate muscle contractions in the parasympathetic nervous system

A

Releases acetylcholine at the synaptic junction with secreting cells, intrinsic nervous fibres and smooth muscles
Acetylcholine binds to nicotinic and muscarinic receptors to stimulate muscle contraction

41
Q

How is the vagus nerve related to swallowing

A

It’s motor fibres innervate all striated muscles of the larynx and pharynx expect the stylopharyngeus and the tensor veli palatini muscles

42
Q

Which cranial nerves does vomiting (emetic) center coordinate reflex through

A

Trigeminal
Facial
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Hypoglossal

43
Q

What are the stages of vomiting occurring

A

Stimulus in medulla oblongata
Cranial nerve respond
Hypersalivation, pallor, sweat, tachycardia
Glottis closes - soft palate rises to close off airway
Deep inspiration diaphragm contracts
Gastroesophageal sphincter and fundus of stomach relax
Abdominal muscles contract forcefully
Antiperistaltic waves
Increased pressure forces chyme upward from stomach out of mouth

44
Q

What are the 4 stages of coughing

A

Receptorial phase
Inspiratory phase
Compressive phase
Expiratory phase

45
Q

What is the receptorial phase of coughing

A

Stimulation to cough receptors send an impulse via the vagus nerve

46
Q

What is the Inspiratory phase of coughing

A

Wide opening of the glottis by contraction of the arytenoid cartilage with rapid inhalation

47
Q

What is the compressive phase of coughing

A

Closure of the glottis following contraction of the adductor muscles of the arytenoid cartilages with consequent adduction of the vocal cords
Contraction of the abdominal muscles and other expiratory muscles resulting in an increased intrapulmonary pressure and compression of the alveoli and bronchioles

48
Q

What is the expiratory phase of coughing

A

Vocal cords and epiglottis open causing air from lungs out
Exhalation continues until complete relaxation of the diaphragm

49
Q

Which nerve is related to the afferent limb of a gag reflex

A

Glossopharnygeal nerve

50
Q

What does the afferent limb of the glossopharyngeal nerve do during a gag reflex

A

Inputs to the nucleus solitarius and the spinal trigeminal nucleus

51
Q

Which nerve is related to the efferent limb of a gag reflex

A

Vagus nerve from the nucleus ambiguus

MCQ 1.1 (43 decks)

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