Saliva

Question 1

What are the 3 major salivary glands

Answer 1

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

Question 2

What is saliva

Answer 2

A complex mixture of fluids, major salivary glands, the minor or accessory glands and the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)

Question 3

What is whole saliva

Answer 3

Mixture of fluids from different salivary sources (major, minor, GCF)

Question 4

What is duct saliva

Answer 4

From individual glands (parotid, submandibular, sublingual)

Question 5

where does unstimulated saliva come from

Answer 5

Submandibular and sublingual glands

Question 6

What is the main source of stimulated saliva

Answer 6

Parotid gland

Question 7

List 3 reasons why stimulated saliva can occur

Answer 7

Mastication
Gustatory stimuli
Olfactory stimuli

Question 8

Which salivary glands have high viscosity

Answer 8

Submandibular and sublingual

Question 9

What is merocrine secretion

Answer 9

Cells excrete their substances by exocytosis - saliva

Question 10

What is apocrine secretion

Answer 10

A portion of the cell membrane that contains the excretion buds off e.g. breast milk

Question 11

What is Holocene secretion

Answer 11

The entire cell disintegrates to excrete its substance e.g. sebum

Question 12

Where does primary secretion of saliva take place

Answer 12

In the acini

Question 13

What happens during primary secretion

Answer 13

Active secretion of sodium and chloride into the lumen creates an osmotic gradient for water to passively move
Macromolecules are also secreted

Question 14

What are the 2 macromolecules secreted during primary secretion

Answer 14

Amylase
Glycoproteins

Question 15

What happens during modification in the ducts

Answer 15

Sodium is actively re absorbed chloride follows, potassium and bicarbonate ions are secreted

Question 16

What innervates the autonomic nervous system for saliva control (4)

Answer 16

Acinar cells
Duct cells
Blood vessels
Myoepithelial cells

Question 17

Which cranial nerve is used for the submandibular and sublingual glands

Answer 17

VII - facial

Question 18

Which cranial nerve is used for the parotid gland

Answer 18

IX - glossopharyngeal

Question 19

What leads to production of high amounts of watery saliva (2)

Answer 19

Secreto motor signals and vasodilation

Question 20

What does the superior sympathetic ganglion lead to in reference to saliva control

Answer 20

Vasoconstriction and production of low amount of viscous saliva rich in secretory proteins

Question 21

List 4 compositions of saliva

Answer 21

Water 99%
Proteins
Organic components
Inorganic components

Question 22

What is the pH of saliva between

Answer 22

6-8

Question 23

Which saliva gland does a amylase come from

Answer 23

Parotid saliva

Question 24

List 5 proteins in saliva

Answer 24

A amylase
SlgA - predominant immunoglobulin
Antimicrobial proteins and peptides
Glycoproteins
Inhibitors of calcium precipitation

Question 25

What is the main buffer in saliva

Answer 25

Bicarbonate

Question 26

what happens when the bicarbonate is increased

Answer 26

The pH is increased too

Question 27

What is the excretory duct of the parotid gland called

Answer 27

The stensens

Question 28

where does the stensens duct open

Answer 28

On buccal wall near the upper 6/7’s

Question 29

What is the excretory duct of the submandibular gland called

Answer 29

The whartons

Question 30

Where does the whartons duct open at

Answer 30

Sublingual papilla under tongue

Question 31

What is the excretory duct of the sublingual gland called

Answer 31

The bartholin

Question 32

Where does the bartholin duct open

Answer 32

Along the sublingual folds