Saliva Flashcards
What are the 3 major salivary glands
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
What is saliva
A complex mixture of fluids, major salivary glands, the minor or accessory glands and the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)
What is whole saliva
Mixture of fluids from different salivary sources (major, minor, GCF)
What is duct saliva
From individual glands (parotid, submandibular, sublingual)
where does unstimulated saliva come from
Submandibular and sublingual glands
What is the main source of stimulated saliva
Parotid gland
List 3 reasons why stimulated saliva can occur
Mastication
Gustatory stimuli
Olfactory stimuli
Which salivary glands have high viscosity
Submandibular and sublingual
What is merocrine secretion
Cells excrete their substances by exocytosis - saliva
What is apocrine secretion
A portion of the cell membrane that contains the excretion buds off e.g. breast milk
What is Holocene secretion
The entire cell disintegrates to excrete its substance e.g. sebum
Where does primary secretion of saliva take place
In the acini
What happens during primary secretion
Active secretion of sodium and chloride into the lumen creates an osmotic gradient for water to passively move
Macromolecules are also secreted
What are the 2 macromolecules secreted during primary secretion
Amylase
Glycoproteins
What happens during modification in the ducts
Sodium is actively re absorbed chloride follows, potassium and bicarbonate ions are secreted
What innervates the autonomic nervous system for saliva control (4)
Acinar cells
Duct cells
Blood vessels
Myoepithelial cells
Which cranial nerve is used for the submandibular and sublingual glands
VII - facial
Which cranial nerve is used for the parotid gland
IX - glossopharyngeal
What leads to production of high amounts of watery saliva (2)
Secreto motor signals and vasodilation
What does the superior sympathetic ganglion lead to in reference to saliva control
Vasoconstriction and production of low amount of viscous saliva rich in secretory proteins
List 4 compositions of saliva
Water 99%
Proteins
Organic components
Inorganic components
What is the pH of saliva between
6-8
Which saliva gland does a amylase come from
Parotid saliva
List 5 proteins in saliva
A amylase
SlgA - predominant immunoglobulin
Antimicrobial proteins and peptides
Glycoproteins
Inhibitors of calcium precipitation
What is the main buffer in saliva
Bicarbonate
what happens when the bicarbonate is increased
The pH is increased too
What is the excretory duct of the parotid gland called
The stensens
where does the stensens duct open
On buccal wall near the upper 6/7’s
What is the excretory duct of the submandibular gland called
The whartons
Where does the whartons duct open at
Sublingual papilla under tongue
What is the excretory duct of the sublingual gland called
The bartholin
Where does the bartholin duct open
Along the sublingual folds
