Saliva Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 major salivary glands

A

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

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2
Q

What is saliva

A

A complex mixture of fluids, major salivary glands, the minor or accessory glands and the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)

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3
Q

What is whole saliva

A

Mixture of fluids from different salivary sources (major, minor, GCF)

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4
Q

What is duct saliva

A

From individual glands (parotid, submandibular, sublingual)

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5
Q

where does unstimulated saliva come from

A

Submandibular and sublingual glands

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6
Q

What is the main source of stimulated saliva

A

Parotid gland

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7
Q

List 3 reasons why stimulated saliva can occur

A

Mastication
Gustatory stimuli
Olfactory stimuli

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8
Q

Which salivary glands have high viscosity

A

Submandibular and sublingual

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9
Q

What is merocrine secretion

A

Cells excrete their substances by exocytosis - saliva

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10
Q

What is apocrine secretion

A

A portion of the cell membrane that contains the excretion buds off e.g. breast milk

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11
Q

What is Holocene secretion

A

The entire cell disintegrates to excrete its substance e.g. sebum

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12
Q

Where does primary secretion of saliva take place

A

In the acini

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13
Q

What happens during primary secretion

A

Active secretion of sodium and chloride into the lumen creates an osmotic gradient for water to passively move
Macromolecules are also secreted

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14
Q

What are the 2 macromolecules secreted during primary secretion

A

Amylase
Glycoproteins

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15
Q

What happens during modification in the ducts

A

Sodium is actively re absorbed chloride follows, potassium and bicarbonate ions are secreted

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16
Q

What innervates the autonomic nervous system for saliva control (4)

A

Acinar cells
Duct cells
Blood vessels
Myoepithelial cells

17
Q

Which cranial nerve is used for the submandibular and sublingual glands

A

VII - facial

18
Q

Which cranial nerve is used for the parotid gland

A

IX - glossopharyngeal

19
Q

What leads to production of high amounts of watery saliva (2)

A

Secreto motor signals and vasodilation

20
Q

What does the superior sympathetic ganglion lead to in reference to saliva control

A

Vasoconstriction and production of low amount of viscous saliva rich in secretory proteins

21
Q

List 4 compositions of saliva

A

Water 99%
Proteins
Organic components
Inorganic components

22
Q

What is the pH of saliva between

23
Q

Which saliva gland does a amylase come from

A

Parotid saliva

24
Q

List 5 proteins in saliva

A

A amylase
SlgA - predominant immunoglobulin
Antimicrobial proteins and peptides
Glycoproteins
Inhibitors of calcium precipitation

25
What is the main buffer in saliva
Bicarbonate
26
what happens when the bicarbonate is increased
The pH is increased too
27
What is the excretory duct of the parotid gland called
The stensens
28
where does the stensens duct open
On buccal wall near the upper 6/7’s
29
What is the excretory duct of the submandibular gland called
The whartons
30
Where does the whartons duct open at
Sublingual papilla under tongue
31
What is the excretory duct of the sublingual gland called
The bartholin
32
Where does the bartholin duct open
Along the sublingual folds