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MCQ 1.1 > Perio > Flashcards

Perio Flashcards

1
Q

What does a BPE score 0 mean

A

No pockets
No calculus/overhangs
No BOP

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2
Q

What does a BPE score 1 mean

A

No pockets
No calculus/overhangs
BOP

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3
Q

What does a BPE score 2 mean

A

No pockets
Supra or subgingival calculus/overhangs

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4
Q

What does a BPE score 3 mean

A

Probing depth 3.5-5.5 mm

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5
Q

What does a BPE score 4 mean

A

Probing depth above 5.5 mm

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6
Q

What does * mean for perio

A

Furcation involvement meaning you can see where the roots diverge

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7
Q

Which teeth are assessed in sillness and loe

A

UR6, UR2, UL4, LR4, LL2, LL6

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8
Q

How does sillness and Loe score the teeth examined

A

They are added and divided by 4 then divided by 6 (the number of teeth’s examined)

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9
Q

What does a score of 0 in sillness and loe mean

A

No plaque

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10
Q

What does a score of 1 mean in sillness and loe

A

Film visible only by removal with probe

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11
Q

What does a score of 2 mean in sillness and loe

A

Moderate accumulation of plaque at the gingival margin visible to the naked eye

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12
Q

What does a score 3 mean in sillness and loe

A

Heavy accumulations of plaque easily visible in the gingival crevice and interdentally

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13
Q

How does the modified turesky technique measure perio

A

0 to 5 is assigned to buccal and lingual non restored surface of all the teeth expect third molars

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14
Q

How is an index determined for the modified turesky technique

A

By dividing the total score by the number of surfaces (max 56)

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15
Q

How do you calculate the index with the O’Leary technique

A

Total number of tooth surfaces with stained plaque recorded DIVIDED BY the total number of surfaces present TIMES 100 = %

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16
Q

What does a mobility score 0 mean

A

No detectable movement above 0.2mm

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17
Q

What does a mobility score 1 mean

A

Horizontal mobility between 0.2 and 0.5 mm

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18
Q

What does a mobility score 2 mean

A

Movement 0.5 - 1 mm

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19
Q

What does a mobility score 3 mean

A

Above 1 mm or vertical displacement

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20
Q

What does furcation grading 1 mean

A

Less than 3mm horizontal probing

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21
Q

What does furcation grading 2 mean

A

Grater than 3mm but not through

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22
Q

What does furcation grading 3 mean

A

Through and through involvement

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23
Q

What is gingivitis

A

Reversible inflammation of gingival with no accompanying destruction of periodontal tissues

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24
Q

Why does gingivitis occur

A

Most commonly develops in response to plaque adherent to tooth surfaces or adjacent restorations
May occur in relation to hormonal disturbances

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25
How long can it take for gingivitis to occur
21 days
26
What is periodontitis
Bacterially induced, immune mediated inflammatory diseases of tissues supporting teeth
27
What does periodontitis destroy
PDL and alveolar bone
28
How many bacterial species are there in the human oral microbiome
Nearly 800
29
What make up the 60% pioneer bacteria
Streptococcus species
30
What are 3 other pioneer bacteria
Actinomyces Veillonella Neisseria
31
List 5 examples of host susceptibility to perio
Gene polymorphism PMN defects Smoking Diabetes Immunosuppression
32
What does plaque consist of
Diverse population of micro organisms embedded in extracellular matrix polymers
33
What is calculus
Calcified deposit found on surfaces of teeth covered by biofilm of plaque calcium and phosphate crystals appear
34
What are the 4 different types of calcium phosphate crystal
Octacalcium phosphate Hydroxyapatite Whitlockite Brushite
35
How long does it take for supragingival calculus to form
Within 12 days
36
What is supragingival calculus
About gingavae Builds in creamy amorphous layers particularly lingually around lower incisors and buccal on maxillary molars near salivary duct openings
37
Where is the mineral content derived from in supragingival calculus
Saliva
38
Where is mineral content derived from in subgingival calculus
GCF
39
Which calculus build up is commonly anaerobic
Subgingival
40
What is non specific plaque hypothesis
Disease due to volume of plaque not type of microbes Microbes produce virulence factors that lead to inflammation and tissue destruction
41
What is specific plaque hypothesis
Microbial analysis revealed bacteria that are more often associated with disease than with health Focuses on periodontal disease that have specific microflora associated
42
What is ecological plaque theory
Accumulation of plaque results in inflammation which changes local environment Facilitates shift in microflora causing more inflammation
43
What is polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis
All plaque biofilms have potential to stimulate disease and although toxic and proinflammatory usually tolerated
44
Where are red complex bacteria most frequently found
In deep periodontal pockets
45
What are 3 red complex’s
P gingivalis T forsythia T denticola
46
What are 4 orange complex’s
P intermedia P nigrescens P micros F nucleatum
47
What are 3 yellow complex’s
S oralis S mitis E corrodens
48
What type of bacteria is periodontitis largely associated with
Gram negative bacteria
49
What are 3 species of designated periodontal pathogens
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Porphyromonas gingivalis Tannerella forsythia
50
What does aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans do
Multiple adhesion molecules allow strong binding to various surfaces Invades epithelial cells and fibroblasts Blocks T cell proliferation and has immunosuppressive functions
51
What does porphyromonas gingivalis do
Inhibits neutrophil function - cannot phagocytose Uses gingipains to produce inflammatory state in neutrophils and release pro inflammatory cytokines Suppresses antigen presenting function of epithelial cells
52
What are 5 virulence factors
Fimbriae from adherence Proteases Bone resorbing factors Toxins - leukotoxin, cytotoxic metabolites Capsule
53
What effect does interlukin 1 have
Osteoclast activation Margination of neutrophils TNF production/release Prostaglandin IL 6 release from fibroblasts
54
What effect does interleukin 6 have
Increase bone resorption Activates T cells and differentiation of B cells B cells and IG production
55
What effect does interlukin 8 have
Chemotaxis (strong) of neutrophils
56
What effect does interleukin 10 have
Anti inflammatory suppression
57
When does an initial lesion occur
2-4 days
58
When do early lesions occur
4-7 days
59
When do established lesions occur
2-3 weeks
60
When do advanced lesions occur
More than 3 weeks
61
What is the shape of bacilli
Rods
62
What are 3 bacilli
Bacillus Fusiform Vibrio
63
What shape are cocci
Round
64
What are 3 cocci species
Diplococci Streptococci Staphylococci
65
What shape are spirochetes
Spiral
66
What are the 2 types of spirochetes
Loosely spiralled Tightly spiralled
67
What are oxygen loving bacteria called
Obligate aerobes
68
What are oxygen hating bacteria called
Obligate anaerobes
69
What are the 2 neither loving or hating bacteria called
Facultative anaerobes Aerotolerant anaerobes
70
What are 5 gram positive bacteria
Streptococcus sanguinis Streptococcus oralis Actinomyces naesludii Actinomyces viscosus Veilonella species
71
What type of bacteria are present in healthy gingival sulcus
Gram positive cocci
72
What 2 adhesions attach to bacteria on the tooth
Fimbri Pilli
73
What does inflammation increase the flow of
GCF
74
List 3 bacteria present in periodontitis
Porphyromonas gingivalis Tanerella forsythia Treponema denticola
75
What is the main bridging species
Fusobacterium nucleatum
76
What happens during the initial lesion stage
Increased GCF flow Neutrophil accumulation Early loss of perivascular collagen Increased permeability
77
What activates the complement during the initial lesion stage
Lipopolysaccharides and peptidoglycans in bacterial cell walls via alternative pathway Enter tissue causing mast cells to release vasoactive amines - vasodilation
78
During the initial lesion stage how much of connective tissue does the lesion occupy
5-10%
79
At what stage does plaque biofilm begin to extend subgingivally
Early lesion stage 4-7 days
80
What is the vascular change during the early lesion stage
Opening of dormant capillary beds increasing permeability
81
What is the change in GCF at the early lesion stage
Increased GCF and changes from interstitial fluid to inflammatory exudate escalation of inflammation
82
What percentage of lymphocytes infiltrate around 21 days
70%
83
At the early lesion stage what mainly infiltrates
T cells along with antigen presenting cells and macrophages
84
At what stage does a false pocket begin
Established lesion stage
85
What is a false pocket
Deepened gingival sulcus but stable and attached
86
At what stage can gingivitis progress to periodontitis
Established lesion stage due to deepening of gingival sulcus
87
What is the defining feature of the established lesion stage
Predominance of plasma cells in connective tissues
88
What causes the periodontal pocket to form
B cell lesion progression Connective tissue breakdown leads to loss of attachment Early proliferation apical migration and lateral extension of junctional epithelium
89
What happens during the established lesion stage
Increased permeability and ulceration of pocket epithelium Ingress bacterial products - continued production of inflammatory cytokines - perpetuation of pro inflammatory process
90
At what stage does early bone loss occur
Established lesion stage
91
What is the main difference in the advanced lesion stage
Overt loss of attachment

MCQ 1.1 (43 decks)

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