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MCQ 1.1 > CVS System > Flashcards

CVS System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 aspects of the CVS system

A

Blood
Heart
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Lymphatics

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2
Q

Where is the low pressure of the circulatory system

A

In the lungs pulmonary

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3
Q

What is the higher pressure in the circulatory system

A

Systemic

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4
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart wall

A

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium

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5
Q

What is the endocardium layer

A

Endothelial inner layer

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6
Q

What is the myocardium layer

A

Cardiac muscle is the bulk of the heart

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7
Q

What is the epicardium layer

A

Visceral pericardium

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8
Q

From the outside in list the 4 layers of the heart wall

A

Parietal pericardium
Visceral pericardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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9
Q

Where is the pericardial cavity

A

Between the parietal pericardium and the visceral pericardium

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10
Q

Why is the left ventricle the thickest

A

In order to supply systemic circulation as the thickness of the myocardium varies according to function

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11
Q

What are the 3 functions of the pericardium

A

Protects and anchors the heart
Prevents overfilling
Provides a friction free environment

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12
Q

Which major vessels bring blood to the heart

A

Superior and inferior vena cava
Right and left pulmonary veins

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13
Q

Which major vessels takes blood away from the heart

A

Pulmonary trunk then right and left pulmonary arteries
Ascending aorta

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14
Q

What are the 3 main layers of blood vessels (in order from inside to out)

A

Intima (tunica)
Media
Adventitia

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15
Q

List 5 adaptations of the arteries

A

Thick wall
Elastic
Muscular
Large diameter
Low resistance

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16
Q

List an adaptation of the arterioles

A

Smaller diameter

17
Q

What is the function of arterioles

A

Major role in blood pressure regulation

18
Q

What are capillaries made from

A

Single tube of endothelial cells

19
Q

What is the role of pericytes

A

Important in blood vessel formation and maturation may have immune roles

20
Q

What are the 3 types of capillaries

A

Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoidal (discontinuous)

21
Q

Which is the most common capillary type

A

Continuous

22
Q

What are fenestrated capillaries

A

Leaky pores
Found in the kidney, intestine, pancreas, endocrine glands
Easier exchange

23
Q

What are sinusoidal capillaries

A

Liver, spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes, larger openings for blood cells, microorganism

24
Q

What are the ‘cuffs’ of smooth muscles called

A

Sphincters

25
Q

What do the sphincters do

A

They are at the end of smooth muscles that contract or relax helping to direct blood to where it is needed or away from where it is not needed

26
Q

Where does the control of blood flow originate from

A

Where capillaries originated from arterioles

27
Q

What do venules and veins do

A

Return blood to the heart

28
Q

What is the pressure in venules and veins

A

<15 mm Hg

29
Q

What do venules and veins consist of

A

Large lumen
Some smooth muscle

30
Q

What are venules

A

The smallest veins which receive blood from capillaries

31
Q

What are 5 adaptations of veins

A

Capacitance vessels (60% of blood)
Unidirectional valves
Deep
Superficial
Connecting/perforating

32
Q

How much of the circulating blood volume is below the heart

A

70%

33
Q

How do skeletal muscles help the CVS

A

Through movement which compresses intramuscular veins to prevent pooling

34
Q

During inspiration what has the higher pressure and what has the lower pressure

A

A lower thoracic pressure
A higher abdominal pressure

35
Q

What does the lymphatic system do

A

Return interstitial fluid to circulation at subclavian veins
To prevent oedema and maintain blood volume/pressure

36
Q

How does the lymphatic system move

A

By muscular contraction

MCQ 1.1 (43 decks)

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