UWORLD random 3/20a Flashcards
parietal cell epi location
upper glandular layer
below simple columnar epi cells that secrete mucus
calcineurin
activates NFAT –> NFAT binds IL-2 promotor in nucleus –> ++ IL-2
IL-2 stimulates growth and differentiation of T cells
calcineurin inhibitors
cyclosporine
tacrolimus
vit C deficiency sc
easy bruising mucosal bleeding periodontal disease poor wound healing hyperkaratotic follicles with corkscrew airs
scurvy
Vit C deficiency pathophys
impaired hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues during collagen synthesis
IL-12
on macrophage
stimulate T-cell differentiation into TH1 subset
IL-12 deficiency
no activation of macrophages for intracellular organisms (mycobacteria)
tx IFN-y (bypass IL-12)
post strep A complications - preventable with AB?
assoc with skin infxn?
PSGN - not preventable by AB
acute rheumatic fever - preventable
NOT after skin infections
multiple myeloma
normocytic, normochromic anemia
infiltration of bone marrow by plasma cells
IL-1, IL-6 activate osteoclasts –> bone resorption, osteopenia
hypercalcemia
hyperimmunoglobulinemia
AL amyloid
renal failure
head bobbing with carotid pulsations
large LV stroke volume to head and neck
aortic regurg
bounding femoral/carotid pulses
wide pulse pressure
aortic regurg
aorti regurg murmur
diastolic decrescendo murmur L sternal border
mycoplasma & anemia
complement mediated intravascualr anemia
similar antigens to cell membrane of M pneumo and erythrocytes
genetic shift
influenza A
rotavirus
segmented genome
normal FEV1/FVC
80%
tolerance to opioid side effects does NOT include
constipation
Cheyne-Stokes breathing
CHF
cyclic breathing pattern
apnea - gradually increasing and decreasing tidal volumes - apnea
poor prognostic sign
location of thoracentesis
b/t 6-8 ribs along midclavicular line
8-10 midaxillary line
10-12 paravertebral line
above = hit lung below = hit liver/abdominal structures
familial dyslipidemias (I-IV)
I chylomicronemia (LPL, ApoCII -- chylomicrons) II hypercholesterolemia (LDL-r, ApoB100 -- LDL) III dysbetalipoproteinemia (ApoE -- chylomicron, VLDL remnants) IV hypertriglyceridemia (ApoA-V - VLDL)
familial dyslipidemia complications
I,IV = pancreatitis
I, II, III = xanthomas
II, III = premature CAD
transesophageal echo - closest structure
anterior?
posterior?
ant = left atrium
post = desc aorta
tx adrenal crisis
hydrocortisone
dexamethasone
active Ras
GTP
activate MAPK
neprilysin
metalloprotrease that inactivates peptide hormones
bradykinin, glucagon, enkephalins, natriuretic peptids
ANP
from atrial cardiomyotyces in response to atrial stretch
lowers BP via peripheral vasodilation, natriuresis, diuresis (kidney, adrenal gland, BV)
glyburide
sulfonylurea
liver biosynthetic fxn tests
albumin
prothrombin time
serum bilirubin
poor prognosis
conduction vs sensorineural hearing loss
bone conduction > air conduction –> conductive hearing loss
middle of forehead =
lateralize to affected ear –> conductive
lateralize to unaffected ear –> sensorineural hearing loss
amitriptyline
tricyclic antidepressant with strong anticholinergic properties
ADR = anticholinergic tox
(hot as a hare, dry as a cracker, blind as a bat, mad as a hatter, full as a flask, red as a beet)
meds with anticholinergic properties
antihistamines tricyclic antidepressants 1st gen antipsychotics (chlorpromazine) 2nd gen antipsychotic (clozapine) antiparkinsonian belladonna
derived from common cardinal veins
superior vena cava
systemic venous circulation
develops from truncus arteriosus
ascending aorta
pulm trunk
constrictive pericarditis phys exam
JVP
kussmaul sign
pericardial knock (early diastole)
kuss maul sign
paradoxical rise in JVP during inspiration
vol restricted RV is unable to accommodate inspiratory increase in venous return
holosystolic murmur
mitral regurg (apex) VSD (LL sternal border)
loud P2
pulm hypertension
midsystolic click
mitral valve prolapse
methylmalonic acidemia
AR
organic acidemia
deficiency of methylmalonyl-CoA
hypoglycemia
+ serum ketones
+ serum ammonia
+ urine methylmalonic acid
+ urine propionic acid
lethargy, vomiting, tachypnea in newborn
ARDS
risk facors = sepsis, pulm infxn
fluid filled alveolar spaces
sepsis cytokines
TNF
IL-1, 6, 8
activate pulm epithelium, neutrophil chemotaxis
estrogen agonist on bone & antagonist on breast, uterus
raloxifene
estrogen agonist on bone, uterus, antagonist on breast
tamoxifen
concentric LV hypertrophy
pressure overload
chronic hypertension
aortic stenosis
eccentric LV hypertrophy
vol overload
aortic/mitral regurg
MI
dilated cardiomyopathy