UWORLD random 3/19a Flashcards
polyhydramnios cause
impaired fetal swallowing
- GI obstruction, anencephaly
increased fetal urination
- high cardiac output (anemia, parvovirus, hemorrhage)
prenatal anti-epileptic use
++ fetal neural tube defects like anencephaly
acute rheumatic fever
sydenham chorea
pancarditis (mitral regurg)
migratory arthritis
mitral stenosis
___ supplementation bypasses folate deficiency
thymidine
sickle cell mutation
glu –> val at position 6
GAA–>GTA
GAG–> GTG
PKU inheritance
AR
pentose phosphate pathway
oxidative vs nonoxidative
reversible
ribulose 5 phosphate
non-reversible
NRTI inhibits ___ in viral genome replication
3’-5’ phosphodiester bond formation
refractory severe asthma tx
anti-IgE antibodies
omalizumab
highest urine osmolarity in setting of low ADH - where in nephron?
bottom of loop of henle
___ down regulate gastric acid secretion
intestinal influences
after a meal
nitroprusside infusion ADR
cyanide toxicity = confusion, lethargy, altered mental status, seizures, CV collapse, lactice acidosis, bright red venous blood
cyanide tox tx
direct binding of cyanide ions (hydroxocobalamin), induce methemoglobinemia (sodium nitrite), dexotifying sulfur donors (sodium thiosulfate)
immunoflorescence of PSGN
granular
deposits of IgG, IgM, C3
starry sky
EM of PSGN
subepi humps = antigen-antibody complexes
RANK-L
stimulate mature multinucleated osteoclasts
increase osteoclast activity
blocked by osteoprotegerin (via estrogen)
ADHD tx
increase release of NE/dopa, block NE/dopa reuptake
internal hemorrhoids blood supply
mid/superior rectal veins
internal iliac and inferior mesenteric veins
external hemorrhoids blood supply
inferior rectal vein
internal pudendal
internal iliac
bite cells
G6PD
cancer tx + oliguria
tumor lysis syndrome
uric acid crystals in kidneys
precipitates in acidic environment
distal tubules, collecting ducts = low pH
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura sx
neuro sx (sensory loss due to lacunar stroke), anemia with schistocytes, thrombocytopenia, AKI
TTP cause
deficiency of ADAMTS13 (vWF cleaving protease)
diffuse microvascular thrombosis
rifampin ADR
GI, red orange body fluids, rash
isoniazid ADR
neurotox, hepatotox
pyrazinamide ADR
hepatotox, hyperuricemia
ethambutol tox
optic neuropathy
Listeria elimination from body depends on…
cell-mediated immunity
intracellular
neonates up to 3mo are vulnerable
intracellular bacteria
chlamydia legionella listeria mycobacterium neisseria nocardia rickettsia salmonella typhi
intracellular fungi
cryptococcus
histoplasma
pneumocystis
intracellular protozoa
plasmodia
toxoplasma
COPD lung fxn tests
+ RV
TLC
RV/TLC
- FEV1
FVC
FEV1/FVC
carcinoid syndrome tx
octreotide
analog of stomatostatin
portavacal anastamoses
esophageal varices
l gastric –> esophageal
hemorrhoids sup rectal –> mid/inf rectal
caput madusae paraumb –> sup/inf epigastric
muscles used when sitting up from supine
external ab obliques
rectus abdominis
hip flexors
** iliopsoas = psoas major, minor & iliacus
enlargement of gastric folds
zollinger-ellison
gastrinoma with parietal cell hyperplasia
uncal herniation sx
ipsi fixed and dilated pupil
ipsi paralysis of oculomotor muscles
contra/ipsi hemiparesis
contra homonymous hemianopsia with macular sparing
uncal herniation
medial temproal lobe herniates through gap between crus cerebri and tentorium
