UWORLD Neuro 3/15

Question 1

protein primary & secondary structure

Answer 1

primary = sequence of aa linked by covalent peptide bonds

secondary = a-helices, b-sheets via hydrogen bonds

Question 2

ataxia telangiectasia

Answer 2

cerebellar ataxia
telangiectasia
+ risk of sinopulmonary infections

+ risk of hematologic malignancies
immune deficiency = IgA deficiency

Question 3

telangiectasia

Answer 3

superficial blanching nests of distended capillaries

Question 4

ataxia telangiectasia inheritance

Answer 4

AR

mutation of ATM gene responsible for DNA break repair

Question 5

kinesin

Answer 5

microtubule associated motor protein

anterograde transport of intracellular vesicles and organelles

uses energy from ATP hydrolysis

Question 6

NT release from vesicles requires…

Answer 6

influx of extracellular calcium

Question 7

progressive weakening of diaphragmatic contractions with intact phrenic nerve stimulation indicates…

Answer 7

NMJ pathology

Question 8

intraventricular hemorrhage

Answer 8

complication of prematurity

altered consciousness, hypotonia, decreased spontaneous movements

bulging anterior fontanelle, hypotension, decerebrate posturing, tonic-clonic seizures, irregular respirations, coma

originates from germinal matrix

Question 9

anterior cerebral artery occlusion sx

Answer 9

sensory
motor

contralateral leg/foot

spare contralateral arm/face

if bilateral = behavioral sx, urinary incontinence

Question 10

anterior cerebral artery supplies… (lobes)

Answer 10

frontal

parietal

Question 11

acute dystonic reaction

Answer 11

extrapyramidal sx from antipsychotic

sudden involuntary contraction of major muscle group

young men

Question 12

acute dystonic reaction pathophys

Answer 12

D2 antagonism in nigrostriatal pathway

excessive M1 excitatory actions unopposed by inhibitory D2

Question 13

pituitary adenoma sx

Answer 13

bitemporal hemianopsia

secrete prolactin - amenorrhea

Question 14

prolactinoma origin

Answer 14

lactotroph cells in anterior pituitary

Question 15

surface ectoderm

Answer 15

rathke pouch
lens and cornea
inner ear
olfactory epi
nasal/oral epi linings
epidermis
salivary/sweat/mammary glands

Question 16

neural tube

Answer 16

brain, spinal cord
posterior pituitary
pineal gland
retina

Question 17

neural crest

Answer 17

auto/sens/celiac ganglia
schwann cells
pia/arachnoid mater
aorticopulmonary septum & endocardial cushions
brachial arches (bones, cartilage)
skull bones
melanocytes
adrenal medulla

Question 18

mesoderm

Answer 18

muscles
CT
bone, cartilage
serosa linings
CV system
blood
lymph system
spleen
internal genitalia
kidneys, ureters
adrenal cortex

Question 19

endoderm

Answer 19

GI
liver
pancreas
lung
thymus
parathyroids
thyroid follicular cells
middle ear
bladder, urethra

Question 20

AV concentration gradient of anesthesia

Answer 20

high tissue solubility

slow onset of action

Question 21

mutated huntingtin gene causes…

Answer 21

increased histone deacetylation

transcriptional repression of genes necessary for neuronal survival

Question 22

phenylketonuria

Answer 22

inability to convert phenylalanine into tyrosine

deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase

Question 23

PKU sx

Answer 23

hypopigmentation of skin, hair, eyes
& substantia nigra, locus cereuleus, vagal nucleus dorsalis

severe intellectual disability, seizures

musty or mousy body odor

accumulation of phenylalanine

Question 24

lamotrigine ADR

Answer 24

SJS-TEN

Question 25

lamotrigine MoA

Answer 25

block voltage-bated Na channels

tx partial and generalized seizures

Question 26

cause lacunar infarcts

Answer 26

lipohyalinosis

microatheromas

Question 27

lacunar infarcts

Answer 27

in basal ganglia, post limb of internal capsule, pons, cerebellum
(deep brain)

from occlusion of small penetrating arteries

2/2 hypertension, diabetes mellitus