UWORLD Neuro 3/15 Flashcards
protein primary & secondary structure
primary = sequence of aa linked by covalent peptide bonds
secondary = a-helices, b-sheets via hydrogen bonds
ataxia telangiectasia
cerebellar ataxia
telangiectasia
+ risk of sinopulmonary infections
+ risk of hematologic malignancies
immune deficiency = IgA deficiency
telangiectasia
superficial blanching nests of distended capillaries
ataxia telangiectasia inheritance
AR
mutation of ATM gene responsible for DNA break repair
kinesin
microtubule associated motor protein
anterograde transport of intracellular vesicles and organelles
uses energy from ATP hydrolysis
NT release from vesicles requires…
influx of extracellular calcium
progressive weakening of diaphragmatic contractions with intact phrenic nerve stimulation indicates…
NMJ pathology
intraventricular hemorrhage
complication of prematurity
altered consciousness, hypotonia, decreased spontaneous movements
bulging anterior fontanelle, hypotension, decerebrate posturing, tonic-clonic seizures, irregular respirations, coma
originates from germinal matrix
anterior cerebral artery occlusion sx
sensory
motor
contralateral leg/foot
spare contralateral arm/face
if bilateral = behavioral sx, urinary incontinence
anterior cerebral artery supplies… (lobes)
frontal
parietal
acute dystonic reaction
extrapyramidal sx from antipsychotic
sudden involuntary contraction of major muscle group
young men
acute dystonic reaction pathophys
D2 antagonism in nigrostriatal pathway
excessive M1 excitatory actions unopposed by inhibitory D2
pituitary adenoma sx
bitemporal hemianopsia
secrete prolactin - amenorrhea
prolactinoma origin
lactotroph cells in anterior pituitary
surface ectoderm
rathke pouch lens and cornea inner ear olfactory epi nasal/oral epi linings epidermis salivary/sweat/mammary glands
neural tube
brain, spinal cord
posterior pituitary
pineal gland
retina
neural crest
auto/sens/celiac ganglia schwann cells pia/arachnoid mater aorticopulmonary septum & endocardial cushions brachial arches (bones, cartilage) skull bones melanocytes adrenal medulla
mesoderm
muscles CT bone, cartilage serosa linings CV system blood lymph system spleen internal genitalia kidneys, ureters adrenal cortex
endoderm
GI liver pancreas lung thymus parathyroids thyroid follicular cells middle ear bladder, urethra
AV concentration gradient of anesthesia
high tissue solubility
slow onset of action
mutated huntingtin gene causes…
increased histone deacetylation
transcriptional repression of genes necessary for neuronal survival
phenylketonuria
inability to convert phenylalanine into tyrosine
deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase
PKU sx
hypopigmentation of skin, hair, eyes
& substantia nigra, locus cereuleus, vagal nucleus dorsalis
severe intellectual disability, seizures
musty or mousy body odor
accumulation of phenylalanine
lamotrigine ADR
SJS-TEN
lamotrigine MoA
block voltage-bated Na channels
tx partial and generalized seizures
cause lacunar infarcts
lipohyalinosis
microatheromas
lacunar infarcts
in basal ganglia, post limb of internal capsule, pons, cerebellum
(deep brain)
from occlusion of small penetrating arteries
2/2 hypertension, diabetes mellitus
