UWORLD random 3/18 Flashcards
location of rRNA transcription
nucleolus
% values that lie within 1 standard deviation…
within 2?
within 3?
68%
95%
99.7%
___ composes most of the right side of cardiac silhouette
right atrium
consolidation in RML can obscure x-ray silhouette of…
right heart border
mostly right atrium
sydenham chorea
acute rheumatic fever
non-rhythmic movements of hands, feet, face
sudden changes in voice pitch and volume
erythema marginatum
erythematous, circular lesions with central clearing on trunk and extremities
acute rheumatic fever
immune-mediated disease following untreated Group A strep
molecular mimcry against M protein & N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine –> myosin, lysoganglioside
length constant
measure of how far along an axon an electrical impulse can propagate
myelination = ++
langerhans cells
dendritic cell in skin and mucous membranes
APCs
myeloid cell line
Birbeck granules
Birbeck granules
characteristic racquet-shaped intracytoplasmic granules
desmopression tx in bleeding
mild hemophilia & type 1 vWF disease
increase circulating FVIII & endothelial secretion of vWF to stop bleeding
GDP –> GTP in TCA cycle
succinyl-CoA –> succinate
oxaloacetate –> PEP
requires GTP
PEP carboxykinase
blunt aortic injury
MV accidents
injury at aortic isthmus which is immobile compared to adjacent decending aorta
porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT)
most common disorder of heme synthesis
uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase deficiency
(late step)
photosensitivity, blisters, edema, pruritis, pain, erythema
cardiac tamponade sx
hypotension
tachycardia
JVD with clear lungs
pulsus paradoxus
postpartum depression timeline
5-10 days after delivery = postpartum blues
2-4 weeks = postpartum depression
absence of CD18 antigens
leukocyte adhesion deficiency
LAD
recurrent skin, mucosal infections
periodontal disease
lack of purulence
impaired wound healing, with late separation of umbilical cord
persistent leukocytosis
sertoli cells secrete…
AMH
leydig cells secrete…
testosterone
absence of Sertoli cells only
internal female + male
external male
isosorbide dinitrate pharmacokinetics
high 1st pass metabolism
requires higher dosing
twisting injury or blow to lateral knee while foot is planted
MCL injury
valgus stress injury
MCL injury
laxity of knee or medial joint line
test via gentle press against lateral knee while lower leg is kept stationary
heteroplasmy
diff mitochondrial genomes within a single cell
mitochondrial encephalomyopathy
neuromuscular lesions
ragged skeletal muscle fibers
lactic acidosis
epiglottitis
H flu type B
swollen, red epiglottis (“thumbprint sign”), inspiratory stridor, dyspnea, severe agitation
major virulence factor of H flu B
polysaccharide capsule
polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) protects against phagocytosis and complement-mediated lysis
PCOS tx
weight loss
oral contraceptives
tx infertility - clomiphene = selective estrogen receptor modulator
major depressive disorder tx
SSRI
block serotonin transporter
fructose 2,6 bisphosphate
enzyme = PFK-2
+ by insulin
+ glycolysis (+PFK1)
- gluconeogenesis (- fructose 1,6 bisphosphetase)
- ala –> glucose
cephalosporins MOA
irreversible binding to PBPs (transpeptidases)
cephalosporin resistance
alter PB protein structure
superior vena cava syndrome
facial edema, plethora, venous distension distal to obstruction, tumor obstructing SVC
cerebral edema, ICP, dilated collateral veins
lung cancer
non-hodgkin lymphoma
lactose intolerance
- pH stool
+ breath hydrogen content
+ stool osmolality
2/2 infection, inflammation
irreversible inhibitor COX-1 & COX-2 via acetylation
aspirin
myocyte ischemia electrolyte changes
+ intracellular Na, Ca
+ intramitochondrial Ca
- K
due to ion pump failure (Na/K)
cellular swelling
dx liver functionality
prothromin time, bilirubin, albumin, cholesterol
dx structural integrity & cellular intactness of liver
transaminases
dx biliary tract
alk phos
y-glutamyl transferase (more specific)
normal alveolar pO2
104
between trachea 150 and venous blood 40
normal alveolar pCO2
40
between tracheal 0 and venous blood 45
equilibrium of O2 & CO2 limitation
perfusion limited
diffusion limited O2 equilibrium
emphysema
pulmonary fibrosis
exercise
AIN
IgE mediated hypersensitivity or cell mediated (IV) rxn
renal interstitium
interstitial edema, leukocyte infiltration
+ eosinophils
eosinophiluria
erythropoiesis stimulating agents
EPO
tx anemia of chronic kidney disease
ESA ADRs
thromboembolic events
+ blood viscosity
hypertension
