Micro = Toxins

Question 1

Inhibit protein synthesis

Answer 1

Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Pseudomonas
Shigella
EHEC

Question 2

Increase fluid secretion

Answer 2

ETEC
Bacillus anthracis
Vibrio cholerae

Question 3

Inhibit phagocytic ability

Answer 3

Bordatella pertussis

Question 4

Inhibit release of NT

Answer 4

Clostridium tetani

Clostridium botulinum

Question 5

Lyse cell membranes

Answer 5

Clostridium perfringens

Strep pyogenes

Question 6

Superantigens causing shock

Answer 6

Staph aureus

Strep pyogenes

Question 7

Corynebacterium diphtheriae toxin

Answer 7

Diphtheria toxin

Question 8

Diphtheria toxin

Answer 8

Inactivate EF-2

Pharyngitis with pseudomembranes in throat and severe LAD (bull’s neck)

Question 9

Pseudomonas toxin

Answer 9

Exotoxin A

Question 10

Exotoxin A (Pseudomonas)

Answer 10

Inactivate EF-2

Host cell death

Question 11

Shigella toxin

Answer 11

Shiga toxin

Question 12

Shiga toxin

Answer 12

Inactivate 60S ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA

GI mucosal damage –> dysentery

Enhance cytokine release –> HUS

Question 13

EHEC toxin

Answer 13

Shiga-like toxin

Question 14

Shiga-like toxin

Answer 14

Inactivate 60S ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA

Enhance cytokine release –> HUS

Does not invade host cells

Question 15

ETEC toxins

Answer 15

Heat-labile toxin

Heat-stable toxin

Question 16

Heat-labile toxin

Answer 16

Overactivates adenylate cyclase –> + cAMP –> + Cl- secretion in gut and H2O efflux

Watery diarrhea

Question 17

Heat-stable toxin

Answer 17

Overactivates guanylate cyclase –> + cGMP –> - resorption of NaCl & H2O in gut

Watery diarrhea

Question 18

Bacillus anthracis toxin

Answer 18

Edema toxin

Question 19

Edema toxin

Answer 19

Mimics the adenylate cyclase enzyme –> + cAMP

Edematous borders of black eschar in cutaneous anthrax

Question 20

Vibrio cholerae toxin

Answer 20

Cholera toxin

Question 21

Cholera toxin

Answer 21

Overactivates adenylate cyclase –> + cAMP by permanently activating Gs –> + Cl- secretion in gut and H2O efflux

Voluminous “rice-water” diarrhea

Question 22

Bordatella pertussis toxin

Answer 22

Pertussis toxin

Question 23

Pertussis toxin

Answer 23

Overactivates adenylate cyclase –> + cAMP by disabling Gi –> impair phagocytosis –> permit survival of microbe

Whooping cough

Question 24

Clostridium tetani toxin

Answer 24

Tetanospasmin

Question 25

Tetanospasmin

Answer 25

Protease that cleaves SNARE –> inhibit release of GABA/glycine from Renshaw cells

Spastic paralysis, risus sardonicus, lockjaw

Question 26

Clostridium botulinum toxin

Answer 26

Botulinum toxin

Question 27

Botulinum toxin

Answer 27

Protease that cleaves SNARE –> inhibit release of ACh from NMJ

Flaccid paralysis, floppy baby

Question 28

Clostridium perfringens toxin

Answer 28

Alpha toxin

Question 29

Alpha toxin

Answer 29

Phospholipase (lecithinase) that degrades tissue and cell membranes

Degradation of phospholipids –> myonecrosis and hemolysis

Question 30

Strep pyogenes toxin

Answer 30

Streptolysin O

Exotoxin A

Question 31

Streptolysin O

Answer 31

Protein that degrades cell membrane

Lyse RBCs –> B-hemolysis
Host antibodies against toxin (ASO) used to diagnose RF

Question 32

Staph aureus toxins

Answer 32

Toxic shock syndrome toxin
Exfoliative toxin
Heat-stable enterotoxin

Question 33

Toxic shock syndrome toxin

Answer 33

Binds MHC II & TCR outside antigen binding site to cause overwhelming release of IL-1, IL-2, IFN-y, TNF-a –> shock

Toxic shock syndrome = fever, rash, shock

Question 34

Exfoliative toxin

Answer 34

Scalded skin syndrome

Question 35

Heat-stable enterotoxin

Answer 35

Food poisoning

Question 36

Exotoxin A (Strep pyogenes)

Answer 36

Binds MHC II & TCR outside antigen binding site to cause overwhelming release of IL-1, IL-2, IFN-y, TNF-a –> shock

Toxic shock-like syndrome = fever, rash, shock
Scarlet fever